LIFE

IN CHRIST

- - - - - - - - - - -

RESURRECTION

OR IMMORTALITY

Subtitled

The Resurrection, Our Only Hope Of Life After Death

William Robert West

Author of “The Rapture And Israel”

"The Wages Of Sin Is Death"

OR IS

"The Wages Of Sin Is Eternal

Life With Torment In Hell"

An Immortal Soul And The Doctrine Of Hell

Is There A Soul In You That Will Live After You Are Dead?

Updated 9/10/19

Over 1,150,300 download

LIFE IN CHRIST

RESURRECTION OR IMMORTALITY

The Resurrection, Our Only Hope Of Life After Death

William Robert West

Table of Contents

INDEX and CHAPTER ONE, “The nature of man–what is man?”

You are now on INDEX and CHAPTER ONE

CHAPTER TWO, “Life or Death”

Is at http://www.robertwr.com/life.html

CHAPTER THREE, “The great doctrines of the Bible”

Is at http://www.robertwr.com/immortal.html

CHAPTERS FOUR, FIVE, SIX, AND SEVEN

Are at http://www.robertwr.com/hell.html

Chapter four, “From where came Hell, from man or God?”

1. Unquenchable fire, weeping, gnashing of teeth

2. Old Testament history of Gehanna

3. Gehenna used by Christ on four occasions

4. The vanishing Hell

5. Twenty-nine plus version of Hell

Three Catholic versions of Hell

Seventeen plus Protestant versions of Hell

Nine other versions of Hell

Chapter five, Sheol, Hades, and Tartarus

Chapter six, The thirty-one Hell passages

Chapter seven, A strange and unexplainable silence of the Old Testament on punishment and life after death, life, death, torment, destruction, destroy, perish, die, and end

CHAPTERS EIGHT, NINE, TEN, ELEVEN AND TWELVE

Are at http://www.robertwr.com/heaven.html

Chapter eight, Figurative language, metaphors, and symbolical passage

Part one, The rich man

Part two, The symbolic pictures in Revelation

Part three, The forever and ever of the King James Version

Chapter nine, Universalist, The "age lasting" Hell

Chapter ten, The results of attributing evil Pagan teachings to God

Chapter eleven, Historical proof of the changing of the teaching of the Bible

Chapter twelve, ISRAEL'S DESTRUCTION, scripture about the destruction of Israel that are misapplied to Hell, Israel’s weeping, gnashing of teeth, outer darkness, Matthew 24, Preterits Eschatology, Realized Eschatology, A D 70 Doctrine, The day of the Lord, 2 Peter 3

Appendix one

ALL TWELVE CHAPTERS ON ONE WEB SITE ARE AT http://robertwr.com/resurrection.htm

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FOREWORD

What do you believe about souls? There are many very different doctrines taught in the world today concerning souls that are believed to be in all humans. By most a soul is believed to be something that is wholly apart from the person that a soul is in; that a soul is something that is believed to be complete in its self without the person; most believe that a soul will exist forever without the person; it will never be dead, therefore, a soul cannot be resurrected from the dead; that it will live either in Heaven or Hell even if there is no resurrection. A soul leaving a person at the death of the person makes it impossible for Christ to have give His life to save that soul from death; if a soul had immortality it would already have life and could never not have life; all Christ could do is give it a reward or punish it.

MANY BELIEVE

(1). At the death of a saved person, a bodiless deathless soul that had been in a person will fly immediately to Heaven to the very presents of Jesus and God, and souls that are now in Heaven are now looking down on loved ones of the dead persons the souls had been in.

(2). Many believe at the death of a lost person, a soul that was in that person will immediately be carried to Hell where it will forever be alive, suffering and screaming, while it is being eternally tormented by God because of the sins of the person it was in with no hope that God will ever stop tormenting it.

(3). Catholic believe that at death most souls that were in them goes immediately to Purgatory where souls will suffer unto souls have suffered enough to pay for the sins of the persons they were in, then these souls will be saved by their own suffering, or saved by money given by others.

(4). In the Abraham’s bosom version souls that had been in the saved will go immediately at death to be rewarded in Abraham’s bosom, the good side of hades, unto the coming of Christ while souls that were in the lost are tormented in the bad side of hades unto the coming of Christ; after the judgment souls that had been in the lost persons that were being tormented in hades will then be endlessly tormented by God in an endless burning Hell.

(5). A view of a soul now believed by some Protestants, called Rephaim, is that after the death of the person, a soul leaves the person and it is a shadowy something that has no substance, that a soul is nothing more than mental thoughts without any kind of substance or body.

(6). Spiritualism, After the death of the person, the spirit becomes a ghost that sometimes haunts the house of the person it had been in, it is a ghostly spook that can sometimes be seen at night among the graves and tombstones in a cemetery. According to Spiritualism, some people can and do call them back, but usually only after they are paid to do the calling; Spiritualist say these ghosts or spooks roam the earth and are seen by people, and even live in the house with people; that the ghost that have left the persons they were dwelling in can come back, and these ghost can do both good and evil to living persons that still have ghosts (souls) dwelling in them. Many who do not think of themselves as being a Spiritualist and even deny that they are a Spiritualist believe much of the Spiritualist belief; most funerals that I have attended the preacher has a soul that had been dwelling in the dead person dwelling in Heaven, and that soul was looking down on the funeral of the dead person it had been freed from; have you ever been to a funeral where the preacher said a soul that had been in the dead person was alive in Hell and looking up from Hell at the person it had been in.

(7). The teaching of souls going to Heaven or Hell at death without a resurrection is from Greek philosophy, that immortal, deathless souls are imprisoned in a person and freed at the death of the person; in no way can it be call Christian; it is a complete denial of Christianly. If this Dark Age Pagan Roman Catholic teaching were true, the second coming of Christ, the Resurrection of the dead, and the Judgment would all be useless and meaningless. The whole person, not a soul that had been in a person, sleeps from death unto the resurrection, the whole person is resurrected and judged, the person is given endless life, or endless death.

(8). There are many other beliefs about what a soul is and what a soul can and cannot do, far too many to list here.

Two of the views that are commonly believed about what will happen to souls that leave mankind after death are the subject of this book.

VIEW ONE. The belief that the you (the person you now are) will put on immortality at the resurrection, and it is you (not just some immaterial something that had been in you) that will live forever in Heaven; we, not immaterial souls, are now in the image of Adam; we, not an immaterial soul, will have the image of Christ after the resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:49). The wages of sin is death, and after the resurrection and judgment lost persons, not souls, will die the second death; the lost do not now have immortality and never will be immortal; those who do not belong to Christ will forever be destroyed after their judgment. Only saved persons will be changed from mortal persons to immortal persons at the resurrection (1 Corinthians 15:42-46); it will be you, the person, that will be immortal and live in the place Christ has gone to prepare for you, not a place for whatever anyone believes a soul to be.

VIEW TWO is the belief that there is a deathless “soul” in all persons. W. E. Vine says a soul has no substance (“Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary Of Old And New Testament Words,” page 588), and Robert A. Morey says, that after the death of the body a soul will be nothing but “mental thoughts” (“Death And The Afterlife,” page 79). According to John Calvin the dualistic view that is believed by many Protestants, “The soul is an incorporeal substance…set in the body it dwells there as in a house” (Institutes 1, xv, 2, 6). According to those that believe as Vine, Calvin, Morey, many Protestants, and most Roman Catholics, an immaterial something that had been in a person that is nothing but mental thoughts is all that will be in Heaven or Hell; the person (you) will be gone and there will be nothing but a soul that had been in you that is nothing but thoughts, then all of the “you” that you now know anything about will be forever be gone. Most that believe all persons are born with an immortal “soul” that is dwelling in them have only a vague unclear understanding, or even no idea of what they believe this unknown immaterial something they believe to be in them really is, but “it” (not themselves) is what they believe must be saved, and only “it” will be in Heaven if they save “it,” or in Hell if they do not save “it.” The belief that everyone has an immaterial something in them and this something, whatever this nothing but “mental thoughts” could be, it will live forever and it cannot die makes it not possible for death to be the wages of sin; if a person has something in them that is deathless; this something would not be subject to death, which is the wages of sin, and this deathless nothing could never be destroyed; this, whatever it is would be, has eternal life from the birth of the person, and it would not die when the person it is in dies, it could never die; therefore, it could not be resurrected from the dead.

VIEW TWO HAS MAJOR DIVISIONS. (1). That there is a "soul" in each person that cannot ever die or be destroyed, but most of these immaterial nothing but mental thoughts beings will forever be tormented by God after the death of the person. I know of no one that believes there is a soul that is in a person that knows what a soul is. They tell me what a soul is not, but not what they believe a soul to be. In the many books I have read, the nearest anyone has came is to say that after a soul departs from the person it was in is Vine’s definitions that a soul is nothing but thoughts without any kind of substance or body.

(2). Universalism, believe that in all mankind there is a "soul" in them that cannot ever die or be destroyed; everyone has this something in them that will live forever. If it (a immaterial bodiless beings) is not saved by the person it is in during the lifetime of the person, then that soul will be saved after the death of the person it had been in.

(3). Protestant Premillennialists. Many Protestant Premillennialists believe the lost will be totally destroyed, but there are three, probably more, Premillennial views that are common in Protestant churches on how or where the lost will be destroyed.

1. A common Protestant Premillennialists belief is that the complete destruction of the lost will be on this earth and the saved will forever live on this earth; no person will ever be in Heaven. Many Premillennialists that are mixed in many Protestant churches believe the Valley of Gehenna will be restored and the lost will literally be burn to ashes in it.

2. Some Protestant Premillennialists believe that the saved will be with Christ in Heaven, not on earth after the thousand years, the second death will be the end of the lost, but their death will not be by literally being burned to ashes on this earth in the restored Valley of Gehenna.

3. Some Protestant Premillennialists believe the wages of sin is eternal life with torment for souls that cannot die, which puts them in the camp of those that believe that souls now have endless life and will be tormented by God because these souls had been in unsaved persons, they do not believe death is the wages of sin.

If there is a soul in us that is now immortal and it can never die or be dead, how could there be a resurrection of the dead? Do you believe in the resurrection of the dead? If yes, what do you believe will be resurrected; will you be raised from the dead, or do you believe as many that only a soul that can never be dead, but this deathless soul is the only thing that will be raised from the dead? When I first begin this study I was surprised and made to tremble at how few really believed in the resurrection, and how many there are that do not really know what they believe about it. Many believe some deathless something that they believe to be in themselves will instantly be translated from this world to Heaven or Hell at their death, (1) without a resurrection, (2) before the resurrection, (3) before the Judgment Day, (4) and before the second coming of Christ, but when they are asked what is the reason for the resurrection, many not only do not know, but most have never really thought about it. Death is looked at as being a doorway to life in another form, that death is not really death, and there is nowhere in their thoughts or in their faith for a resurrection for their theology says no soul is really dead. The resurrection has been removed from the faith of many by today's theology that says it is only some immortal something that is believed to be in a person will go to Heaven at the moment of death. But is there any life after death before the second coming of Christ and the resurrection of the dead? Paul said life after death will be only at the resurrection when, "This mortal must put on immortality" (1 Corinthians 15:53), but if there is a soul that is now immortal in us, then what is it that is now mortal that will put on immortality at the resurrection? It is the mortal person (you), not a soul that will be raised from the dead; the mortal person (you) will put on immortality at the resurrection; it will be YOU. The mortal you changed to immortal that will be in Heaven.

WHAT DOES THE BIBLE SAY

ABOUT AN IMMORTAL SOUL AND/OR SPIRIT?

Together soul and spirit are used about 1,600 times in the Bible, but not one time is immortal ever used in the same verse with soul or spirit; “immortal soul,” or an “immortal spirit,” “deathless or never dying soul or a never dying spirit” is not in the Bible, not even in the King James Version. Neither immortal nor immortality are not in the Old Testament; the promise of immortality is given to no one. In the New Testament, immortal is used only one time, immortality is used five times, all six by Paul. What does he say?

(1). "Now unto the King eternal, immortal" (1 Timothy 1:17).

(2). Only God has immortality (1 Timothy 6:16).

(3). Christ "abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel" (2 Timothy 1:10).

(4). "To them (Christians persons, not souls) that...seek for glory and honor and immortality" (Romans 2:7).

(5). "This MORTAL must put on immortality" (1 Corinthians 15:53) at the resurrection; this mortal person, not this already immortal soul will put on immortality.

(6). "This MORTAL shall have put on immortality" (1 Corinthians 15:54) after the resurrection. This mortal person must put on immortality at the resurrection, not this soul that is already immortal must put on immortality.

Why are we to "seek for immortality" if we are born immortal? Why will we "put on immortality" if the only the something that is in us that will ever be immortal has been immortal from birth (or as some believe–before birth)? The fact that a person must "seek for...immortality," (Romans 2:7, “Incorruption” American Standard version) and immortality must be "put on" (1 Corinthians 15:53) at the resurrection is conclusive proof that a person does not now have immortality, nor does a person have some immaterial, immortal something in them that is now immortal and this immortal “it” cannot die. If Romans 2:7 and 1 Corinthians 15:53 teaches nothing more, they teaches that no part of a person now possess immortality. Not one passage in the Bible says anyone is now immortal. The immortal soul theology is from pagan philosophy and was brought into the church by Roman Catholicism in the Dark Age. If all have a deathless soul, and we are told that this deathless soul is the only thing that will ever be immortal, and it is already immortal, the resurrection is made to be useless. The question is, resurrection or immortality? Will YOU be saved from death, or is there a deathless soul in you that cannot be dead, and it cannot be resurrected from the dead, and only that soul, not you, will live in Heaven; or will it be YOU that will be in Heaven?

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CHAPTER ONE

What Is Man?

What is a man? Are all persons born with immortal souls in them, or do only the saved put on immortality at the resurrection? Is a person a three part being, an animal body with both a soul and a spirit that one or both will live after the body is dead? This is one of the most important questions of all time. It has more influence on our conception of our nature, our view of life in this world, and our view of life after death than any other question.

Soul in the Old Testament is translated from nehphesh

Strong’s Hebrew word #5315–“a breathing creature.” A study of the way it is translated in the King James Version, and how other translations differ greatly from the King James reveals facts that show there are many differences in the belief about what a soul is; facts that many will find upsetting. The Hebrew word “nehphesh” is used in the Old Testament about 870 times and is translated soul only about 473 times in the King James Version, but in the New International Version (2010-2011 updated version) nehphesh is translated soul only 72 out of about 870 times.

Of the 870 times Nehphesh is in the Bible, in the New International Version.

Nehphesh is translated soul only 72 times; it is translated something other that soul 798 times.

Of the 473 times nehphesh is translated “soul” in the King James Version, “soul” was taken out of the New International Version 401 times.

Nehphesh is translated in the King James Version into about 40 words; this one Hebrew word is translated (or mistranslated) changed into nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc. Of 870 times nehphesh is used in the Hebrew this one word was changed into many words by the translators of many versions, changed as they chose to, and all choosing many times to translate the same word difference, even when this word is used two or more times in the same passage the same Hebrew word is translated into two English words in the same passage that the two words are definitely are nothing alike. By today’s meaning of “soul” and “life,” the two words means two completely difference things, “soul” and “life” are not synonymous, they are not even close to being the same thing, but they are repeatedly translated from the same Hebrew word.

IN THE KING JAMES VERSION NEHPHESH IS TRANSLATED

(1). NOUNS, soul about 473 times; Life about 122 times; Person about 26 times; Mind about 15 times; Heart about 15 times.

(2). PERSONAL PRONOUNS, 44 plus times–yourselves, themselves, her, me, he, his, himself, and many other pronouns.

(3). ALL OTHERS, about 200 times (changed to verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) man, creature, living being, own, any, living thing, living creatures, lives, the dead, dead body, kills, slays, slay him, mortally, discontented, ghost, breath, will, appetite, hearty desire, desire, pleasure, lust, and deadly, all translated from the same Hebrew word.

Can one word have this many totally difference meaning; can one word be a noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, etc.? If it did could anyone know which one was being used; it is evidence that the translators of many translations changed “nehphesh” into whatever they wanted to and that they did not agree with each other.

In all 870 times that nehphesh is used it is always associated with the activity of a living being including dying (persons and animals), and it never implies anything about life after the death of the living being. In none of the 870 times, nehphesh is not an immortal, immaterial, deathless inter something in a person that has no substance (W. E. Vine, Expository Dictionary Of Old And New Testament Words, page 588); souls (nehpheshs) are the living beings (persons, animals, or any living thing) that can die, be killed, or is already dead; although it’s use is often hid from the English readers by the way it was translated or mistranslated.

SOUL (NEHPHESH) AS IT IS USED IN THE BIBLE

(1) Genesis 1:20, "THE MOVING CREATURE THAT HAS LIFE” (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to animals, Strong’s Hebrew word #5315–“a breathing creature”). American Standard Version–"Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures” (nehpheshs–all mortal beings that breathes, including all animals and mankind).

If “soul” were an immortal "immaterial, invisible part of man" (W. E. Vine, Expository Dictionary Of Old And New Testament Words), why is this Hebrew word that is translated soul also translated "living creature” when it is speaking of animals in Genesis 1:21; 1:24; 2:19; 9:10; 9:12; 9:15; 9:16 when the same Hebrew word (nehphesh) is changed to "living soul" in Genesis 2:7 when it is speaking of a person? According to those that believe there is an immortal soul in a person, a “living creature” and a “living soul” are two completely difference beings. If this Hebrew word (nehphesh) were an immaterial, immortal living something that is in a person, it would also be the same immaterial, immortal living something that is in animals.

(2) Genesis 1:21, "LIVING CREATURE" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings, used referring to all life in the water), "And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living creature (nehpheshs–mortal living beings) that moves wherewith the water swarmed.”

(3) Genesis 1:24, "LIVING CREATURE" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings), used referring to animals, all life on the land), "And God said, Let the earth bring forth living creatures (nehphesh–soul) after their kind, cattle, and creeping things, and beasts of the earth." In Genesis 1:21-24 every living thing on earth, whether in the water or on land, every thing that has life is a nehphesh, a living being.

All sea life are nehpheshs, are living beings (not souls).

All land life are nehpheshs, are living beings (not souls).

And mankind are nehpheshs, are living beings (not souls).

None of the three are inherent indestructible immortality beings; none have an immortal deathless “soul” dwelling in them.

(4) Genesis 1:30, "LIFE" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings, used referring to animals), "And to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything that creeps upon the earth, wherein there is life" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings); all animals, all sea life, all birds are "living souls."

All four times that soul (nehphesh) is used in chapter one of Genesis it is used referring to animals Strong’s Hebrew word #5315 “a breathing creature, i.e., animal;” not to a person. Animals were souls, living beings, before any man existed; why did the translators deliberately hide the fact that it is the same word that they sometimes translated soul?

1. They translated it living creatures when it is speaking of animals.

2. They changed it to souls when the same word is speaking of people.

How could the translators possibly know when the same word is speaking of mortal

beings, and when it is speaking of immortal souls that are in mortal persons? Just as

“up” cannot mean “down,” “Mortal” cannot mean “Immortal.”

3. Although it is clear that the translators attempted to hide this from their readers, every

breathing creature are “souls” (a living being–nehphesh) the same as persons.

"Then God said, 'Let the waters teem with swarms of living souls (nehpheshs–mortal living beings), and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.' And God created the great sea monsters, and every living soul (nehphesh–mortal living beings) that moves, with which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind; and God saw that it was good. And God blessed them, saying, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.' And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day. Then God said, 'Let the earth bring forth living souls (nehpheshs–mortal living beings) after their kind: cattle and creeping thing and beasts of the earth after their kind'; and it was so...and to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creeps upon the earth, wherein there is life (nehpheshs mortal living beings) I have given every green herb for meat” (Genesis 1:20-30). “Living creatures" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings) is used to describe all living things on earth, people, animals, birds, and fish; not some, immortal, immaterial, invisible living something that is in a person that is now eternal. If a person being a soul (nehphesh–a living being) makes that person be either immortal or in the image of God, then it makes animals, birds, and fish have an immortal soul in them.

HENRY CONSTABLE, A. M., “The Hebrew scholars knows that when Moses, in Genesis I. 20, 29, speaks of the nature of the lower order of animals, and when in Genesis ii, 7, he speaks of the nature of man, the inspired writer used the very same Hebrew terms of both one and the other. Each fish, and fowl, and creeping thing, and beast is called in the Hebrew a nephesh chajah as much as man who was given the rule over them. But this was in its apparent bearing wholly inconsistent with the philosophical ideas of the translators. They considered it dangerous that the similarity of description should appear in the English version, which Moses did not consider it dangerous to exhibit in the Hebrew original. Hence they must guard God’s Word from its supposed dangerous language by translating nephesh chajah very differently in the first chapter of Genesis, where it is applied to the lower creatures, from what they translated it in the second chapter, where it is applied to man…A gross, through unintentional fraud has been committed against the English reader. He is mislead in his searching of the Scriptures He is put on a false scent…Our English translators have supplied us with a commentary of their own instead of a translation, a comment we will here add, utterly alien to truth. But the result of this mistranslation is to lead astray the English reader who trusts in it. This is not the only instance, which occurs of the thing in reference to this question. The same Hebrew word is throughout the Old Testament translated according as the Platonic notions of the translator led him to think it ought to be translated. Plato had a considerable hand in the translation of King James’ Bible. The Hebrew word nephesh is translated ‘creature,’ ‘soul’ ‘life’ &c., just as squared with the notions of men who carried Plato’s philosophy into their noble work of the translation of Scripture. We affirm that a grave injury has been done to the English reader, and a gross wrong to God’s word.” “Hades or The Intermediate State of Man,” page 31–32, 1873.

(5) Genesis 2:7, "Man BECAME A LIVING SOUL" (nehphesh–a living being, used referring to a person, Strong’s Hebrew word #5315–“a breathing creature”) The first time the King James Version translated nehphesh into "soul," most other translations did not agree with it, not even the New King James Version. "Man became a living being," Genesis 2:7, New King James Version; “man became” cannot be changed to “man had” another living being put in him. Adam was not ‘GIVEN” a soul, Adam “BECAME” a soul – became a living being (nehphesh).

“Living creatures" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings) Genesis 1:20.

“Living things" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings) Genesis 1:21.

“Living creature" (nehpheshs–a mortal living being) Genesis 1:24.

“In which there is life" (nehpheshs–mortal living beings) Genesis 1:30.

"Man became a living being" (nehphesh–a mortal living being) Genesis 2:7.

It was the “man” that became a “living being,” not the “man” that had a never dying living being put into him. Nothing is said about the creation of two being, a living man, and then the creation of another immortal living soul that was put in the first mortal living being.

It is obvious that the translators of the King James Version translated according to their preconceived opinion in an attempt make persons have an immortal soul dwelling in them, but keeps animals from also having souls that are dwelling in them; they made a distinction in animals and men, a distinction that dose not exist in the Hebrew Bible, but they changed God’s word to make it say what they believed, what they wanted it to say.

Genesis 2:7, Man became,

“A living soul" (a nehphesh) (1) King James Version.

"A living being" (a nehphesh) (1) New King James Version, (2) American Standard Version, (3) New American Standard Version, (4) Revised Standard Version, (5) New Revised Standard Version, (6) New International Version, (7) Amplified Version, (8) The New American Bible.

"A living creature" (a nehphesh) (1) The Revised English Bible, (2) Young's Literal Translation.

"A living person" (a nehphesh) (1) New Century Version, (2) The Living Bible, (3) New Living Translation.

"Life" (nehphesh) (1) Contemporary English Version.

Of these many translations, none would go along with the mistranslation of the King James Version, not even the New King James Version.

According to chapter one to three of Genesis man was created a mortal living being just as the animals were. “Behold, the MAN…lest HE stretch out HIS hand, and take also from the tree of life, and eat, and live forever, therefore the Lord sent HIM out from the garden of Eden” (Genesis 3:22-23) is speaking of the physical person eating of the tree of life and living forever physically, it says nothing about an immortal something that was dwelling in a mortal person, nothing about a soul that was already deathless, already immortal eating of the tree of life to living forever. It was the physical person (Adam) that would have eaten from a physical tree, and the physical person (Adam) that would have physically lived forever. Without the tree of life Adam was not immortal, without the tree of life Adam died. What reason would there have been to keep Adam from eating of the tree of life if Adam was already immortal?

(1). THREE THINGS ABOUT “MAN” IN GENESIS 2:7

1. The body. “God formed MAN out of the dust of the earth.”

2. God “breathed into HIS nostrils the breath of life (nehphesh).” God breathing into the nostrils of the lifeless body give the body life; breathing into the nostrils of the lifeless body did not put an immortal soul into the lifeless body, it was the breath of life breathed into Adam that gives life to the body, not an immortal soul being put into it.

3. “MAN became a living being (nehphesh).”

MAN AND ANIMALS ARE BOTH MADE OF THE DUST OF THE EARTH. Both man and animals are a nehphesh, both are a living being; both man and animals have “the breath of life.” Neither one became a living being with another living being living in them. There is absolutely nothing about Plato’s immortal soul in this passage, not one word.

Job said, “The breath of the Almighty gives ME life,” (Job 33:4); he did not say, “The breath of the Almighty put a soul in me and that soul give my body life.”

Paul quoted Genesis 2:7 showing that the “natural body” of Genesis 2:7 that was given to Adam and all mankind is not the “spiritual body” that will be given only to the saved by Christ at the resurrection. “So also it is written, the first man Adam became a living soul. The last Adam became a life-giving spirit. Howbeit that is not first which is spiritual, but that which is natural; THEN that which is spiritual. The first man is of the earth, earthy, the second man is of heaven. As is the earthy, such are they also that are earthy, and as is the heavenly, such are they also that are heavenly. As WE have born the image of the earthly, WE shall also bear the image of the heavenly” (1 Corinthians 15:45-49).

“In the day that YOU eat from it YOU shall surely die” (Genesis 2:17); for Adam to be told HE would die is very different from Adam being told that there was something in him that could not die, but it would live forever in torment. In Genesis 3:19 there is a clear statement on what dies, “By the sweat of YOUR face YOU shall eat bread, till YOU return to the ground, because from it YOU were taken; for YOU are dust, and to dust YOU shall return,” (Also Genesis 18:27; Psalms 103:14; Job 10:9).

1. “It is appointed for MEN to die once and after this comes judgment” (Hebrews 9:27).

2, It is the PERSON that will die.

3. It is the PERSON that returns to dust.

4. It is the PERSON, not a soul that will be resurrected from the dead.

5. It is the PERSON, not a soul that will come into judgment.

6. It is the PERSON, not a soul that will put on immortality.

Not a soul that cannot die; therefore, it could not be resurrected from the dead.

If, as some teach, Adam was not one being, but two being, an earthly mortal being and an immortal being living in the earthly mortal being, which of the two being was addressed in the singular pronoun “YOU shall surely die”? We are repeatedly told that an immortal soul is deathless and cannot die.

1. It was Adam, not a soul that was made from the dust.

2. It was Adam, not a soul that ate.

3. It was Adam, not a soul that was told, “dying YOU shall die.”

4. It was Adam, not a soul that was put out and kept out of the garden away from the tree of life.

5. It was Adam, not a soul that died and returned to dust.

Not one word is said about a soul. If there were an immortal soul living in Adam, it suffered nothing from what Adam did. To make this be “spiritual death,” not real death is to change, “In the day that you eat from it YOU shall surely die” to be saying, “In the day you eat you will be an immortal sinner that cannot die.” “Surely die” is used many times and it always means a real death of a real person, Genesis 20:7; 1 Samuel 14:44; 22:16; 1 Kings 2:37; 2:42; Jeremiah 26:8; Ezekiel 3:18; 33:8; 33:14; Numbers 26:65; and any more.

DR. BERT THOMPSON, PH. D. says Genesis 2:7 is teaching that Adam was given “physical life.” Then he said it is not teaching that Adam had instilled in him “an immortal nature.” “The Origin, Nature, and Destiny of the Soul,” page 19, Apologetics Press, Inc. 2001.

MIKE WILLIS said expositors have generally appealed to Genesis 2:7 to prove that all men are born with and now have immortal spirits. However, in 1 Corinthians 15:45, Paul has clearly expounded the meaning of the Hebrew words nehphesh, chayyah. "The living soul" of Genesis 2:7 is the natural body of this passage. He said this corresponds with the book of Genesis itself because the same construction is used in Genesis 1:24 to describe animals. When Moses recorded that God breathed into man's nostrils the breath of life and he became a living soul, what the writer of Genesis was saying was that the dust of the earth began to have animal life and does not prove that a person has an immortal spirit (soul); rather it states that a person has animal life. All men possess animal life through Adam. “A Commentary On Paul's First Epistle To the Corinthians,” page 578, 1979. Dose one who knows the Bible as he does, and believes a person now has an immortal soul, yet says, the living soul of Genesis 2:7 is the natural body, prove beyond doubt that a living soul is not an immortal something that is in a person? “The first man Adam became a living soul…the first man is of the earth, earthy” (1 Corinthians 15:45-49).

GUY N. WOODS said the first time the word soul is used in Genesis 1:20 it is from the Hebrew nehphesh where it is assigned to fish, birds, and creeping things. He said, “It is clear that the soul in these passages does not refer to anything peculiar to the constitution of man, but it signifies, as its usage denotes, and the lexicons affirm, any creature that breathes.” "What Is The Soul Of Man," Gospel Advocate, 1985, Number 21.

JOHN T. WILLIS, “The last two lines of verse 7 affirm that man’s life is God Given. God enables man to breathe, and thus to be alive, as he does all other creatures (see Gen. 7:22). Some have tried to justify a threefold division of man into flesh (or body), soul, and spirit from Genesis 2:7. They equate dust with flesh or body, breath with spirit, and insist that the last phrase of the verse must be translated as ‘a living soul.’ However, this understanding reads much more into the biblical text than it really says. (1) The Hebrew words for ‘flesh’ or ‘body’ and ‘spirit’ do not occur in this passage. (2) The Hebrew expression nephesh chayyah, which some insist on translating ‘a living soul,’ is used of fish and marine life in Genesis 1:20, 21; land animals in 1:24; beasts, birds, and reptiles in 1:30; and beasts and birds in 2:19. If ‘soul’ means the eternal part of man or the sum total of man’s ‘body’ and ‘spirit’ in Genesis 2:7, it must mean the eternal part of a fish or the sum total of a fish’s ‘body’ and ‘spirit’ in Genesis 1:20, 21; etc. (3) The flow of the context in Genesis 2:7 indicates that the word translated being in the RSV (nephesh) means the whole person. The author’s emphasis is on the gift of life.” The Living Word Commentary, “Genesis,” page 103–104, 1979, Sweet Publishing Company.

ADAM CLARKE, "Nephesh chayyah; a general term to express all creatures endued with animal life, in any of its infinitely varied gradations, from the half reasoning elephant down to the stupid potto, or lower still, to the polype, which seems equally to share the vegetable and animal life."

(2). BOTH MAN AND ANIMALS

HAD THE SAME BREATH OF LIFE (NSHAHMAH)

BREATHED INTO THEM

(1). “Then the Lord God formed a man from the dust of he ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life (nshahmah), and the man became a living being” (Genesis 2:7). “LIFE” WAS THE ONLY THING ADDED TO “THE MAN” TO MAKE “THE MAN BECOME A LIVING BEING.” It could not be said any clearer that man is a living being; it does not say that man had another living being, a soul put into him. “The breath of life” from God made Adam become a living being, as lone as that breath of life from God was in him he had life, when the life returned to God Adam had no life, and he will not have life unto life comes from God at the resurrection.

(2). “And the breath (nshahmah) of the Almighty GIVES ME LIFE”

(Job 33:4).

(3). “And all flesh that moved on the earth perished, birds and cattle and beasts and every swarming that swarms upon the earth, and all mankind; of all that was on the dry land, all in whose nostrils was the breath of life (nshahmah) died.” Both man and animals have the same “breath of life (nshahmah)” both died (Genesis 7:21-22).

(4). “Saved alive nothing that breaths (nshahmah–breath of life)” both men and animals (Deuteronomy 20:16). “Breath of life” and “breaths” are the same in the Hebrew, both are translated from “nshahmah,” but who knows why the translators choose to make them different in the English Bible.

(5). “Utterly destroyed all that breaths (nshahmah–breath of life)” both men and animals (Joshua 10:40).

(6). There was not any left to breaths (nshahmah–breath of life)” not a man or a animal left to breath (Joshua 11:11).

(7). “Neither left they any to breaths (nshahmah–breath of life)” both men and animals (Joshua 11:14).

Does an immortal immaterial deathless soul or a spirit breathe, or dose a soul die when it stops breathing? It is the breath (nshahmah) of life that God puts into the bodies of both man and animals that gives life (Genesis 2:7), nshahmah–breath is not an immortal deathless soul that has an endless life of its own. If the breath of life (nshahmah) gives immortality to a person, then the same breath of life (nshahmah) would give immortality to all living being, all are given the same nshahmah, the same breath of life. The “breath of life” is as much the possession of all living creatures as it is the possession of man. The “breath of life” does not make any living creature immortal, not animals, not fish, or not persons. All living being depend on this breath from God for life and all die when the “breath of life” from God returns to God, and if there were no resurrection no person would ever again have life.

Question, What effect did the “breath of life” (nshahmah) in the nostrils of animals have on them? Most all would answer that it made them a living being, not that it put another living being, not an immortal deathless soul in them that will live after the death of the living being was put in. Then what effect did the same “breath of life” (nshahmah) have on mankind? It made them a living being just as it did animals; the “breath of life” (nshahmah) did not put an immortal deathless soul in mankind that the same “breath of life” (nshahmah) did not put in animals.

JAMES HERMAN WHITMORE, “What is more evident than anything else is that the Lord did not address an unconscious body, but a conscious and intelligent man. Whoever or whatever was addressed, the same died. According to the popular notion, the soul is the only part of man that possesses intelligence. The conclusion then is unavoidable, that it was the ‘soul’ that was addressed as ‘thou,’ and sentenced to return to dust. Hence, the soul must not only be mortal, but material. It is further evident that whatever or whoever sinned, the same died.” “The Doctrine Of Immortality,” page 118, Kellaway and Co.

THE BREATH OF LIFE. Many have now switched from a soul being an immortal living being in a person to a spirit being the immortal living being that is in a person; a living being that animals do not have in them; “spirit” is now the same thing that “soul” has been for hundreds of years. “Then the Lord God formed man of dust from the ground, and breathe into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.” The phrase “breath of life” that was breathed into man in Genesis 2:7 is the same Hebrew “breath of life” in Genesis 7:21-22 that is in the nostrils of birds, cattle, men and beasts; the “breath of life” in animals is the same “breath of life” that is in persons. The “breath of life” (1) is not an immortal spirit, (2) is not an immortal soul that man now have in them that animals do not have it in them; the Bible does not say that the “breath of life” God breathed into Adam was an immortal deathless spirit or soul that God breathed into him, and the Bible does not say all persons now have a deathless being living in them; the breathless body that God made from the earth is what became a living breathing being when the “breath of life” was breathed into the breathless body. God did not tell Adam he had a body that was made from the earth, but the real Adam was made of something not from the earth.

(3). BOTH MAN AND ANIMALS BECAME “A LIVING BEING.”

The body of dust plus the breath of life = a living breathing being, a breathing soul.

Nehphesh–a living being, Genesis 2:7

(1). The body. “The Lord God formed man of the dust from the ground.”

(2). The life of the body. “And breathed into his nostrils the breath of life.”

(3). The result. “And man became a living being.” The lifeless earthly body became alive; the body became a living breathing being.

Both man and animals became “a living being,” when they received the “breath of life” from God; neither man nor animals had another living being put into them.

“You take away their breath, they die” (Psalms 104:29). The breath of life gives life to the person; it does not put a soul in the person that has it’s own life. The breath of life that God breathed into the body gives life to the body, whither it is a person or animal; it makes the person or animal both be “a living being.” There is life in the body only as long as there is breath in the body.

It was the lifeless body that God made from the earth that became a living being, a living person. Most believe as Plato did, that a living deathless soul is imprisoned in the body unto the living soul is able to escape the body, and then the lifeless body goes back to the earth.

Although this passage is repeatedly used to prove that an immortal, deathless soul that was put in a person that was not put in animals, most translations, other than the King James, apply it to the living breathing being or person, not to an invisible, deathless, immaterial something that does not have breath or breath that was put in a person. Adam being spoken of as a "living being" (nehphesh Strong’s Hebrew word #5315–“a breathing creature”) proves he was mortal, not immortal, just as all "living beings” (nehphesh) fish, birds, animals, are mortal, not immortal. How can this be one of the most used proof texts used to prove Adam had an immortal soul put in him? If it proves Adam had an immortal soul, then it proves that fish have an immortal soul that cannot die.

“The body without the spirit is dead” James 2:36. Just as the body when God made the body it had no life unto God “breathed into his nostrils the breath of life and the man became a living being” (Genesis 2:7), when “The dust will return to the earth as it was, and the spirit (ruach) will return to God who gave it” (Ecclesiastes 12:7), after death there is no living being and will not be a living being unto the resurrection when life will again come from God; “soul” with the meaning it has today (immortal being that is in a person) is a total mistranslation. If the “breath of life” that returns to God is a conscious being that returns to God in Heaven at the death of the person, that soul could not return to God in Heaven if it had not previously existed with God; it is life (the breath of life) that came from God that makes all mankind alive, and the life that was breathed into all mankind and breathed into all living beings that returns to God. “His breath (ruach) goes forth, he returns to his earth” (Psalms 146:4).

Both “a living being” and “breath of life” are used by most that call themselves orthodox to prove mankind has an immortal soul in them that no animal has. Both mankind and all animals are “a living being” and both have the “breath of life,” both can and do die. Having the “breath of life” does not make mankind or animals immortal.

It is importance to understand that it is being said by Moses that both animals and mankind ARE A SOUL (both are a living being, both have the same breath of life that came from God), not that animals or mankind HAVE A SOUL; they do not have something in them that is now immortal, invisible; there is not a no substitute something in them that cannot die; there is a world of different in a person or animal being a soul, and having another living immortal soul being that was put into the person or the animal. Many assume, with much help from the translators and theology that Genesis is saying only mankind have souls, but animals do not. Because of what most have been taught, without realizing it they read into this that only mankind had souls put in them that are immortal, invisible, no substitutes something that cannot die. This causes them to believe that only this immortal something that is in them, whatever they think this something is, will be saved (more on this near the end of this chapter). A soul is not a second being, an unearthly being that exist within the earthly person any more than a soul is a second entity existing in beast. Both man and animals are souls, both are living beings. We are a soul, a living being; we do not have a soul that is living in us. If we have a soul that is a living being in us, then we are one living being with another, a second living being living in us. According to the doctrine that we have a soul living in us, one living being is living in another living being, and it is only this immortal deathless being that is us that will be saved or tormented forever is the foundation of many of the errors that have divided the churches. That we are a soul (we are a living being), not we have a soul (not have a living being living in us) is one of the most fundamental and most misunderstood teaching in the Bible.

(6) Genesis 2:19, "LIVING CREATURE" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to animals), "Every beast...every bird...whatsoever the man called every living creature (nehpheshs–mortal beings), that was the name thereof."

(7) Genesis 9:4, "LIFE" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to animals).

(8) Genesis 9:5, "LIVES" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to man).

(9) Genesis 9:5, "LIFE" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to man).

(10) Genesis 9:10, "LIVING CREATURE" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to animals).

(11) Genesis 9:12,"LIVING CREATURE" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to animals).

(12) Genesis 9:15, "LIVING CREATURE" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to both man and animals).

(13) Genesis 9:16, "LIVING CREATURE" (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to both man and animals).

All four times that soul (nehphesh) is used in Genesis 1; it is referring to animals, not to a person. IN TEN OF THE FIRST THIRTEEN TIMES NEHPHESH (soul) IS USED IT IS USED REFERRING TO ANIMALS, but the King James Version delicately hid this by using different words, and most who read the King James Version never know what was delicately hid from them. Mankind is the same soul (life–nehphesh) as the other "living creatures." He does not differ from other living creatures (soul–nehphesh) by having a soul (nehphesh) living in him that cannot die. His dominion over other living creatures (other nehpheshs–souls) is not his nehphesh. In the first nine chapters of Genesis soul (nehphesh–Strong’s Hebrew word #5315–“a breathing creature”) is used more often with reference to animals than it is with reference to persons; it is the animal life, which both a person and animals have in common. How did the translators know when it changed to an invisible immortal something that is in a person, which animals do not have?

This is an example of men attempting to cover up the truth when it is contradictory to their pagan theology. It takes a lot of preconceived theology to make nehphesh be an immaterial invisible no substance soul that is now immortal existing in a man that dose not exist in animals when it is not deliberately hid as it is in the King James Version. Moses applies nehphesh four times to lower creatures before he applied it to man, then immediately after he has applied it to man he again applied the same word to animals a fifth and sixth time with no hint that he uses the same word with a different meaning. When the translators give it a different meaning in only one of the six times it is used in the first two chapters of Genesis it is nothing more than a deliberate change to add Plato’s immortal soul to God word.

———————————————————————

A bird’s eye view of the translation of nehphesh in the first nine chapters, King James Version.

1. “Moving creature that has life" (nehphesh) Genesis 1:20 – animals

2. “A living creature" (nehphesh) Genesis 1:21 – animals

3. “A living creature" (nehphesh) Genesis 1:24 – animals

4. “Wherein there is life" (nehphesh) Genesis 1:30 – animals

5. “A living soul" (nehphesh) Genesis 2:7 – man

6. “A living creature" (nehphesh) Genesis 2:19 – animals

7. “Life" (nehphesh) Genesis 9:4 – animals

8. “Lives” (nehphesh) Genesis 9:5 – man

9. “Life" (nehphesh) Genesis 9:5 – man

10. “Living creature" (nehphesh) Genesis 9:10 – animals

11. “Living creature" (nehphesh) Genesis 9:12 – animals

12. “Living creature" (nehphesh) Genesis 9:15 – man and animals

13. “Living creature" (nehphesh) Genesis 9:16 – man and animals.

Nehphesh is translated "soul" only one time of the first thirteen times it is used in the King James Version, but it is not translated "soul" in any of the first thirteen times it is used in the New King James Version, New American Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version, New International Version, or most other translations.

———————————————————————

In Genesis 9:4-16 the same word is used for both man and animals seven times in the same passage; To animals five times, to man four times, none of the seven was translated “soul.”

1. Three times to animals alone, translated (1) life, (2) creature, (3) and creature.

2, Two times to man alone, translated (1) lives, (2) and life.

3, Two times to animals and man together, translated (1) creature, (2) and creature.

"But flesh with the LIFE (Nehphesh used referring to animals) thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall you not eat. And surely your blood, the blood of your LIVES (nehphesh, used referring to man), will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it, and at the hand of men, even at the hand of every man's brother, will I require the LIFE (nehphesh, used referring to man) of man. Whoso sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed, for in the image of God made He-men. And you, be you fruitful, and multiply; bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein. And God spoke unto Noah, and to his sons with him, saying, and I, behold, I establish my covenant with you and with your seed after you; and every LIVING CREATURE (nehphesh, used referring to animals) that is with you, of the fowl, and the cattle, and of every beast of the earth with you; from all that go out of the ark, to every beast of the earth. And I will establish my covenant with you; neither shall the waters of a flood cut off all flesh be any more; neither shall there any more be a flood to destroy the earth. And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I make between me and you and every LIVING CREATIRE (nehphesh, used referring to animals) that is with you, for perpetual generation, I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a token of a covenant between me and the earth. And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud, and I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and ever LIVING CREATURE (nehphesh, used referring to man and animals) of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every LIVING CREATURE (nehphesh, used referring to man and animals) of all flesh that is upon the earth."

———————————————————————

(14) Genesis 12:5, "And the PEOPLE (nehpheshs–"living beings") whom they had acquired" New King James Version ("soul" in King James Version.) Why did the New King James change this from “souls” to “people;” was it that the translators did not believe invisible souls could be bought, but people could be bought, that, as it is translated in the King James Version, it did not say anything close to todays theology?

(15) Genesis 12:13, "That I (nehphesh–a "living being") may live because of you" New King James Version ("soul" in King James Version.) Do you wonder why, “That a soul may live” was changed to “That I may live” when in today’s theology “I” and “soul” are not even close to being the same thing?

(16) Genesis 14:21, "Give me the PERSONS (nehphesh–"living beings”) and take the goods" King James Version. Can anyone give immortal souls to another person? Is there anyone that cannot see why the translators did not changed nehphesh to “soul” in this passage?

(17) Genesis 17:14, "That PERSON (nehphesh–a "living being") shall be cut off" New King James Version.

(18) Genesis 19:17, “Escape for your LIFE” (nehphesh–a "living being") King James Version.

(19) Genesis 19:19, “Saving my LIFE” (nehphesh–a "living being") King James Version.

In the first nineteen times nehphesh is used it is translated “soul.”

Only three times in the King James Version.

None in the New King James Version.

None in the New American Standard Version.

None in the New Revised Standard Version.

None in the New International Version.

(20) Genesis 19:20, "That my LIFE (nehphesh–a "living being") may be saved" New American Standard Version (Translated soul for the fourth time in the King James Version, but only for the first time in the New King James Version). Do you wonder why the translators of the New King James Version did not think this word means “soul” in the nineteen times it was used before this, but changed their minds this time? But the New American Standard translators said both King James Versions translators are wrong.

(21) Genesis 23:8, “If it be your MIND” (nehphesh–a "living being") King James Version.

(22) Genesis 27:4, "So that I (nehphesh–a "living being") may bless you before I die"

1. "That my soul (nehphesh–a "living being") may bless thee before I die" King James Version. How would Isaac's son know if he were blessed by an "immaterial invisible" no substance something that he could not see? By this time, hundreds of years after Genesis 1:1, the King James translators must have been desperate to be able to put "soul" into the Bible.

2. "So that I (nehphesh–a "living being") may bless you before I die" Revised Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version.

3. "So that I (nehphesh–a "living being") may give you my blessing before I die" New International Version.

4. "So that I (nehphesh–a "living being") may give you my blessing before I die" Revised English Bible.

5. "To give you my (nehphesh–a "living being") blessing before I die" Amplified Bible.

6. "That I (nehphesh–a "living being") may give you my special blessing before I die” New American Bible.

7. "Then I (nehphesh–a "living being") will bless you before I die" New Century Version.

8. "Then I (nehphesh–a "living being") will pronounce the blessing that belongs to you, my firstborn son, before I die" New Living Translation.

9. "I (nehphesh–a "living being") want to eat it once more and give you my blessing before I die" Contemporary English Version.

10. "That I (nehphesh–a "living being") may eat of it, (preparatory) to giving you (as my first–born) my blessing before I die" Amplified Bible.

Up to Genesis 27:4 for hundreds of years nehphesh is translated soul

Only four times out of twenty-two in the King James Version.

Only one time out of twenty-two in the New King James Version.

None in The New International Version and many other translations.

Nehphesh has been used 22 times before the New King James Version translated it "soul" for the first time, but even then the translators of many versions have chosen not to change the way they were translating nehphesh from a breathing being to a non-breathing "soul." In Genesis "nehphesh" is not an immortal "immaterial, invisible part of man,” but it is the life, living creature, living being, any living breathing thing whether animals, fish, or man, all mortal breathing beings are a nehphesh. If the translators had continued to translate nehphesh as life, living creature, living being, or person, as they did in most of the first twenty-two times it is used, there may not be the divisions there are today. Why did they not translate nehphesh into soul in the first part of the Bible that covers hundreds of years? Maybe because they thought it would have made animals have souls, and they did not believe animals could have souls. I find it difficult to see how anyone could not call their honesty into question for it is undeniable that they put their belief over the word of God, and they deliberately hid the truth from their readers; they deliberately hid the truth from you.

(23) Genesis 32:30, "My LIFE (nehphesh–"living beings") is preserved” King James Version. Most translations use "life" in this passage for the translators believed an immortal soul could not perish and would not need to be preserved.

(24) Genesis 34:3, "His soul (nehphesh) clave unto Dinah" King James Version. With the meaning “soul” now has, if this translation is not saying an immaterial immortal soul clave unto a material mortal being, then what is it saying?

1. "His HEART (nehphesh) was drawn to Dinah" New International Version.

2. "He was deeply attracted (nehphesh) to Dinah" New American Standard Version.

(25) Genesis 34:8 "The soul (nehphesh) of my son Shechem longeth for your daughter" King James Version. How did the translators think the father could know what an invisible, immaterial something that was in his son was longing for? Did they think an immortal no substance soul was in love with a mortal person?

1. "My son Shechem has his HEART (nehphesh) on your daughter" New International Version.

2. "My son Shechem is in love (nehphesh) with this girl" Revised English Bible.

3. "The heart (nehphesh) of my son Shechem longs for your daughter" New Revised Standard Version.

(26) Genesis 35:18, "As her SOUL (nehphesh) was departing (for she died)" King James Version.

1. "As she breathed (nehphesh) her last–for she was dying" New International Version.

2. "Then with her last breath, (nehphesh) as she was dying" Revised English Bible.

3. ”With Rachel’s last breath (nehphesh) (for she died)” The Living Bible.

4. “With her last breath (nehphesh) for she was at the point of death” New American Bible.

5. “Rachel was about to die, but with her last breath (nehphesh)” New Living Bible.

(27) Genesis 36:6, "All the PERSONS (nehpheshs–mortal beings) of his house" King James Version.

(28) Genesis 37:21, "Let us not kill HIM (nehphesh–a mortal being)" King James Version. It was obvious to the translators that they could not translate this nehphesh into soul, after all an immortal soul could not be killed, but a person (“him”) could be killed.

(29) Exodus 12:16, “Except what must be eaten by every PERSON (nehpheshs–mortal beings).” A soul as was believed in by the translators could not eat, therefore; they would not change this nehphesh into a soul.

(30) Job 12:10, "In whose hand is the SOUL (nehpheshs–mortal being, used referring to animals) of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind." Is it not strange that the King James Version gives animals souls, but other translations took their souls away from them?

“The life of every living thing," New American Standard Bible.

(31) Job 41:21, “His breath” (nehphesh–a mortal being, used referring to an animal, possibly a crocodile).

(32) Isaiah 19:10, "All that make sluices and ponds for FISH (nehpheshs–mortal beings, used referring to fish)" King James Version. Although nehphesh is in the Hebrew, many translations seems not to know what to do with it, and just took it out, or completely changed it for they did not want a soul to be in a pond.

(33) Jeremiah 2:24, "A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffed up the wind in HER (nehphesh–a mortal being, used referring to an animal) desire."

(34 and 35) Proverbs 27:7, “The full SOUL (nehphesh–a mortal being) loathes an honeycomb; but to the hungry SOUL (nehphesh–a mortal being) ever bitter thing is sweet.” How could the translators think an immaterial something could be full, or that a soul could be hungry for honey?

1. “A sated MAN (nehphesh) loathes honey, but to a famished MAN (nehphesh) any

bitter thing is sweet” New American Standard Bible.

2. “HE (nehphesh) who is full loathes honey, but to the hungry even what is bitter

tastes sweet” New International Version. “Nehphesh” is in the Hebrew two times, but

one of the two times nehphesh was left out in the New International Version.

(36) Numbers 31:28, "And levy a tribute unto the Lord of the men of war which went out to battle: one SOUL (nehphesh–mortal being–used referring to both persons and animals) of five hundred, both of the persons, and of the beeves, and of the asses and of the sheep." Of about 870 times “nehphesh” is in the Old Testament Numbers 31:28 and Job 12:10 are the only two passages where the King James translators translated “nehphesh” as “soul” when it has reference to animals, and it maybe that the only reason they did this these two times is that it has equal reference to people as it does to animals and they had no choice. Their usual substitutes failed to work; “living creatures” or “person” would not work for them in these two passages as nehphesh has reference to both man and animals.

DAVID J. HEINIZMAN, "So carefully has the translation of nehphesh been guarded in relation to animals as 'souls,' that we can't help but wonder if it were not done intentionally to conceal the fact that animals are souls as well as men." "Man Became A Living Soul."

(37) Proverbs 12:10: “A righteous man has regard for the LIFE (nehphesh) of his beast.”

The translators made this one word (nehphesh) to be,

1. Any earthly being.

a. Any earthly being before God breathed the breath of life into the body of a person or a beast.

b. Any earthly being while they had the breath of life.

c. And any dead body after the breath of life of the person or beast was gone.

2. The life in any earthly being only while they have the breath of life in them.

3. The pagan immaterial, invisible, no substance, deathless being that many believe lives after the person it was in is dead, but this deathless being is not believed to be in any beast.

Do you wonder, as I do, how they came up with three meaning of this one word when the three meaning are nothing alike, (1) how they knew when this word was a mortal living being that could not keep from dying, (2) and when the same word was a immortal living being that could not die?

(38 to 870) It would be to long to quote all the 870 times the Hebrew word nehphesh is in the Old Testament with just over one-half being translated "soul," about 473 times in King James Version. Nehphesh in the New International Version Old Testament is translated soul only 72 times out of the 870 times it is used, according to the this translation 798 times nehphesh was not a “soul,” and it is a “soul” only 72 times. Not once dose any of the 870 imply anything about any life beyond the grave, or about there being a immortal soul that is living in a mortal person.

A nehphesh could be

1. Saved (Genesis 19:19; 1 Samuel 19:11; 2 Samuel 19:5)

2. Killed (Numbers 35:11; 35:15; 35:30)

3. Ransomed (Exodus 21:30)

4. Destroyed (Leviticus 23:30; Joshua 11:11)

5. Delivered (Joshua 2:13)

6. Sought to be killed (Judges 18:25)

7. Taken (Deuteronomy 19:21)

8. Forfeited (Joshua 2:14)

9. Risked (Judges 12:3; 1 Samuel 28:21)

10. Lost (Judges 1:25)

11. Jeopardized (Judges 5:18; 1 Samuel 19:50)

All 870 times have one thing in common, all of the ways nehphesh is translated are all associated with the activity of living beings including dying, and nehphesh never implies anything about any life after the death of living beings, all the 870 are all speaking of living beings of both persons and animals that will die, or that are already dead. None of the 870 times are an immortal deathless being that is in a person; they are all speaking of mortal living beings that can die, be killed, or be dead, whether the living being is a person, animal, bird, or fish. Nehphesh never implies anything about any life beyond the grave. IT IS NEVER TRANSLATED "SPIRIT" Although nehphesh–Strong’s Hebrew word #5315–“a breathing creature” is translated into about forty words, thirty-nine of the forty all have reference only to mortal beings that will die; it was changed in only one of he forty words (souls) to beings that does not have breath, and that will not die. Is it because this is the only word that they could use to put the Pagan immortal soul into the Bible by mistranslating, but were not able to mistranslate it into an immortal invisible deathless something most of the times it was used?

Can one word be rightly translated this way? No one reading some of the English translations of the Bible would not have any way of knowing that all the forty words which nehphesh is translated into are translations (or mistranslations) of only one word. Did the translators do so because they wanted to make a person be an "immortal being," and more than a "living creatures?" In almost one half of the times nehphesh is used in the Old Testament, even the King James translators could not translate it "soul." When the all-knowing God used just one word, why did the translators used forty words and change it as they wished to, changed it from a noun to many pronouns, changed from a noun to many verbs, changed from a noun to many adjectives, changed from a noun to many adverbs, etc.? Did they think that for all the years from Adam unto Christ God people could understand the one word God used, which was always a noun, but now many words that are not always a noun are needed to translate that one word? If one word were all that was needed from Adam unto the translation of the King James Version in 1611, why would God's one word not be enough today? Do the translators think they have improved the Hebrew Old Testament by changing the one word that God used into forty words, and changing this noun into about all parts of speech? The use of many words came when the Roman Catholic Church brought in unconditional immortality, and they had to get it into the Bible. The Hebrew manuscripts still have just one word–nehphesh, which was the one word God inspired.

Nehphesh is translated soul far fewer times in the New American Standard Version, and in most other translations, including the New King James Version, than it is in the King James Version. Were they going as far as they dared to in correcting the King James Version?

The way soul is understood and used today in English (an undying living something that is in a person) makes putting the word soul in a translation for the English people today be a false and deliberately misleading translation, for it makes it where today's English reader cannot know what God said, and will understand only what the prejudiced outlook the translators wanted their readers to understand when they knew that most that read it would understand the word soul only as it is used in today’s English. Without much study of Bible words, which most Bible reader will never do, they cannot know what God said to them when they read the word soul, and they will think that the somewhat prejudice outlook of the translator is the word of God. God's word has been deliberately replaced with the teaching of man (Matthew 15:9) in a way that will have more influence on our conception of what our nature is and the nature of all living beings than any other question.

THE “SOUL” AND “EATING OF BLOOD”

Is the immortal "soul" (nehphesh) in the blood? Is a part of a person that many say it lives after the death of the body, that a deathless soul is in the blood of both men and animals? In Leviticus 17:10-15, in only six verses nehphesh is used ten times but the translators concealed this from their readers by translating nehphesh as both life and soul, always life the four times it was speaking of animals, and soul the six times it was speaking of a person; does this not show their reluctance to let us see what God said to us?

The vanishing use of soul in Leviticus 17:10-15

1. In the King James Version nehphesh is translated "soul" six of the ten times it is used.

2, The New King James Version used "soul" only two of the ten times.

3, "Soul" is not used in the (1) New Revised Standard Version, (2) New International Version, (3) The New American Bible, (4) and many others.

Leviticus 17:10-15 King James Version

1. Used referring to animals four times–nehphesh translated life four times.

2, Used referring to man six times–nehphesh translated soul six times.

"I will even set my face against that SOUL (person–nehphesh, used referring to man) that eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people. For the LIFE (soul–nehphesh, used referring to animals that are being eat) of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your SOULS, (nehphesh, used referring to man) for it is the blood that makes an atonement for a SOUL (nehphesh, used referring to man). Therefore I said unto the children of Israel, no SOUL (nehphesh, used referring to man) of you shall eat blood...For it is the LIFE (soul–nehphesh, used referring to animals) of all flesh; the blood of it is for the LIFE (soul–nehphesh, used referring to animals) thereof; therefore I said unto the children of Israel, no SOUL (nehphesh, used referring to man) shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh: for the LIFE (soul-nehphesh, used referring to animals) of all flesh is the blood thereof; whosoever eats it shall be cut off. And every SOUL (nehphesh, used referring to man) that eats that which died of itself...he shall wash his clothes, and bath himself in water." In this passage, the King James Version translated the same word "soul" all six times when it used referring to man, TO A MORTAL LIVING PERSON, and "life" all four times when the same word is used referring to animals. Can anyone not see how the translators picked when they wanted "nehphesh" to be an immortal "soul," and when they wanted "nehphesh" to be only mortal "life"? They could not let an immortal soul be in the blood, nor could they let animals have an immortal soul in them. Their theology said a man had to have a soul in him, but an animal could not have one, and they were not willing that their reader see that the word "nehphesh" is used referring to both, and that both man or animals do not have a soul, that both are a soul.

Leviticus 17:10-15 New Revised Standard Version

1. Used referring to mortal animals five times–nehphesh translated life five times.

2. Used referring to living mortal man five times–nehphesh translated lives one time, translated person four times. A soul could not eat blood; therefore, none of the five are mistranslated soul. No soul in this translation.

"If anyone of the house of Israel or of the aliens who reside among them eats any blood, I will set my face against that PERSON (nehphesh) who eats blood, and will cut that PERSON (nehphesh) off from the people. For the LIFE (nehphesh-animals) of the flesh is in the blood; and I have given it to you for making atonement for your LIVES (nehphesh-persons) on the altar, for, as LIFE, (nehphesh-animals) it is the blood that makes atonement. Therefore I have said to the people of Israel, No PERSON (nehphesh) among you shall eat blood...For the LIFE (nehphesh-animals) of every creature–its blood is its LIFE; (nehphesh-animals) therefore I have said to the people of Israel, You shall not eat the blood of any creature, for the LIFE (nehphesh-animals) of every creature is its blood; whoever eats it shall be cut off. ALL PERSONS, (nehphesh) citizens or aliens, who eat what dies of itself...shall wash their clothes, and bathe themselves in water."

Leviticus 17:10-15 New International Version

1. Used referring to animals three times–nehphesh translated life three times.

2. Used referring to man six times–nehphesh translated person, him, yourselves, life, you, and anyone. No soul in this translation.

"Any Israelite or any alien living among them who eats any blood–I will set my face against that PERSON (nehphesh) who eats blood and will cut HIM (nehphesh person) off from his people. For the LIFE (nehphesh-animals) of a creature is in the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for YOURSELVES (nehphesh-persons) on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonements for one's LIFE (nehphesh-person). Therefore I say to the Israelites, 'None of YOU (nehphesh-persons) may eat blood, nor may an alien living among you eat blood'...because the Life (nehphesh-animals) of every creature is its blood. That is why I have said to the Israelites, You must not eat the blood of any creature, because the LIFE (nehphesh-animals) of every creature is its blood; anyone who eats it must be cut off. ANYONE (nehphesh-persons), whether native-born or alien, who eats anything found dead or torn by wild animals must wash his clothes and bathe with water.'" .

(1). "No soul (nehphesh) shall eat blood" Leviticus 17:12. No person shall eat blood–can an immortal, immaterial soul eat material blood?

(2). "The life (nehphesh) of all flesh is the blood" Leviticus 17:11. They would not translate it to say, “The soul of all flesh is in the blood.”

(3). "No dead body (nehphesh)" A dead immortal soul? The same word that is translated soul and life is translated dead body (Numbers 6:6, also Numbers 5:2; 6:11; 9:6; 9:10). These passages would make no sense if nehphesh were a no substance, immortal something in a person that cannot be dead. It would also make animals have the same no substance, immortal, deathless something in them. It is the life of a parson or animal that is in the blood, not an immortal, immaterial, invisible soul in the blood as the word "soul" is used today. Nehphesh is translated dead body thirteen times in the King James Version, not as a dead soul.

THE DYING USE OF "SOUL" IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

In translations that were made by those who believe a person has an immortal soul, why is the use of the word "soul" becoming used less? The dying use of “soul” in the newer translations and the growing use of “life” "person," "heart," or pronouns that are related to a person in the place of “soul” is strongly objected to by many that believe there is an immortal soul that will live on after the person is dead; that believe Satan’s lie, “You surely shall not die…you will be like God” (Genesis 3:5), but only after they change the “you” to “a soul that is in you surely shall not die, and made a soul be as immortal God”.

Nehphesh is used in the Old Testament 870 times

NEHPHESH TRANSLATED SOUL

443 times out of 870 times–King James Version in 1611.

289 times out of 870 times–New King James Version in 1982. Soul is used 154 times less in the Old Testament than it is in the King James Version.

111 times out of 870 times–Amplified Bible in 1954.

142 times out of 870 times–The Message in 1993.

111 times out of 870 times–New American Standard Bible in 1960.

188 times out of 870 times–Revised Standard Version in 1946.

144 times out of 870 times–New Revised Standard Version in1989.

115 times out of 870 times–New International Version in 1973.

95 times out of 870 times–New International Version in 2011 update.

96 times out of 870 times–New International Reader's Version in 1996.

44 times out of 870 times–New Living Translation in 1996.

0 times out of 870 times–New Century Version in 2005.

5 times out of 878 times–Common English Bible in 2011.

When nehphesh was not translated "soul" it was translated "life," "person," "heart," or the noun was changed to many pronouns (he, him, she, her, etc.) that is related to a person, and has no reference to an immortal being that is in a person.

THE DYING USE OF "SOUL" IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

The Greek word translated soul (psukee) is used 106 times.

PSUKEE IS TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY,

55 times out of 106 times in the King James Version in 1611.

52 times out of 106 times in the New King James Version in 1982.

41 times out of 106 times–Revised Standard Version in 1946.

31 times out of 106 times–New Revised Standard Version in1989.

41 times out of 106 times–New International Version in 1971.

23 times out of 106 times–New International Version in 2011 update.

29 times out of 106 times–New Living Translation in 1996.

21 times out of 106 times–New International Reader's Version in 1996.

25 times out of 106 times–New Century Version in 2005.

3 times out of 106 times–Common English Bible in 2011.

0 times out of 106 times–Christian Bible in 1991.

THE DYING USE OF "SOUL" IN BOTH

THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT

The Hebrew word nehphesh, some of the time translated soul is used over 870 times in the Old Treatment, and the Greek word psukee, sometimes translated soul is used 106 times, both together about 976 times. TOGETHER BOTH NEHPHESH AND PSUKEE ARE TRANSLATED SOUL ONLY,

498 times out of 976 times–King James Version in 1611.

341 times out of 976 times–New King James Version in 1982. Soul is used 157 times less in the New King James Version than it is in the King James Version.

111 times out of 976 times–Amplified Bible in 1954.

190 times out of 976 times–New American Standard Bible in 1960.

229 times out of 976 times–Revised Standard Version in 1946.

175 times out of 976 times–New Revised Standard Version in 1989.

229 times out of 976 times–New International Version in 1971.

136 times out of 976 times–New International Version in 1984.

118 times out of 976 times–New International Version in 2011 update.

41 times out of 976 times–New International Reader's Version in 1996.

177 times out of 976 times–The Message in 1993.

73 times out of 976 times–New Living Translation in 1996.

35 times out of 870 times–New Century Version in 2005.

8 times out of 976 times–Common English Bible in 2011.

0 times out of 106 times–Christian Bible in 1991.

Most, if not all these translators believe in an immortal soul, but have been reducing the times this Hebrew word nehphesh, and the Greek word psukee are translated "soul" and replacing then with "life," "person," "heart," or changed them to pronouns that are related to a person. The way soul has been mostly removed in most translations, and replaced with life or person, the translators are saying soul is not a true translation of neither the Hebrew, nor the Greek.

WHY THE USE OF SOUL IS DYING?

In many passages the psukee does thing that only this earthly body can do, things that an immortal soul that has no substance could not do. “And He told them a parable, saying, "The land of a rich man was very productive. And he began reasoning to himself, saying, 'What shall I do, since I have no place to store my crops?' Then he said, 'this is what I will do, I will tear down my barns and build larger ones, and there I will store all my grain and my goods. And I will say to my soul (psukee), soul (psukee), you have many goods laid up for many years to come; take your ease, eat, drink and be merry.’ But God said to him, ‘You fool! This very night your soul (psukee) is required of you'" Luke 12:19-21. That which the rich man laid up for his “soul”(psukee) in verse 19 is said to be laid up for “himself” in verse 21 making both psukee and himself be the same thing. The New International Version removed “soul.” “And I'll say to myself (Greek psukee–life), ‘you (Greek psukee–life) have plenty of good things laid up for many years. Take life easy; eat drink and be merry.’ But, God said to him, ‘You fool! This very night your life (Greek–psukee) will be demanded from you.’” It is obvious that an immaterial, invisible, no substance soul would have no use for the things the rich man stored in his barns, a soul would not be able to eat and drink the thing stored in barns, that this was not speaking of an immaterial soul without any substance, but was speaking of an earthly person that can eat and drink of the things he had stored, but could not use them after he was dead; it was life that would be required of the earthly person, not life of an immortal soul that can not die; when a persons life was required who would use the things he had stored?

It is those who are members of churches that believe a person has an immortal soul that are little by little taking the word "soul" out of the Bible in their translations. Why is soul being used less in the newer translations? These translators knew soul is not a translation of nehphesh or psukee as they were used at the time the Old or New Testament was written, neither nehphesh nor psukee had the meaning that the English word “soul” has today.

A few of the many examples that show why the numbers above are difficult in difficult translations.

Numbers 29:7

"Ye shall afflict your souls (nehphesh)" King James Version.

"You shall humble yourselves (nehphesh)" New American Standard.

Joshua 11:11

"They smote all the souls (nehphesh)" King James Version.

"Not sparing anything that breathed (nehphesh)" New International Version.

Judges 16:16

"His soul (nehphesh) was vexed unto death" King James Version.

"Unto he (nehphesh) was tired to death" New International Version.

Numbers 30:2

"To bind his soul (nehphesh) with a bond" King James Version.

"To bind himself (nehphesh) with a binding obligation" New American Standard.

Numbers 15:30

"That soul (nehphesh) shall be cut off" King James Version.

"That person (nehphesh) shall be cut off" New American Standard Version.

Acts 15:24-26 is an example of how the translation of psukee was changed even in the same passage by the translators when it would not fit in with their belief about an immortal soul. “Since we have heard that some of our number to whom we gave no instruction have disturbed you with their words, unsettling your souls (psukee), it seemed good to us, having become of one mind, to select men to send to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men who have risked their lives (psukee) for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.” The psukee–life they risked was their earthly life, not a deathless soul, it was persons that was disturbed, not souls.

1. “Certain persons who have gone out from us, though with no instruction from us, have said things to disturb you and have unsettled your minds (psukee)…who has risked their lives (psukee)” New Revised Standard Version.

2. “And disturbed you, troubling your minds (psukee) by what they said…men who have risked their lives (psukee) for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ” New International Version.

3. “We have heard that some of our group have come to you and said things that trouble and upset you (psukee)…people who have given their lives (psukee) to serve our Lord” New Century Version.

AARON ELLIS, “It is plain from history, that our first transcribers and translators were Romanish priests, who were interested in sustaining the profitable corruptions of the separate existence of the soul in purgatory, and the endless misery of the wicked. Every English translation made prior to the 18^th century, has but too clearly copied from the Vulgate, and the translators were not able, as McKnight has fully prove, to translate the whole Bible from the original tongues, and the various editions only profess to be compared with the original. King James, who died a Papist, gave strict orders to translators of our common version, not to deviate widely from the Bishop’s Bible, to be followed, and as little altered as the original will permit.” “Bible Vs. Tradition,” page 6, 1853.

The Hebrew noun, nehphesh, has been changed by the translators into many different pronouns, but all the pronouns they changed it to have a reference to an earthly being, none to Plato’s no substance soul. Nehphesh did not mean an immaterial invisible something in a person that was not the person in the Old Testament; how could the translators think it was right to change one noun into many pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.?

The Hebrew people in the Old Testament that were reading their Scriptures would have had no way to make a distinction in the life (soul–nehphesh) of animals or men for Moses made no distinction. Even today in the Hebrew Old Testament there is no distinction between a person, or an animal being a soul–a living creature, but translators have changed this. Only in the English translations, not in the Hebrew, is there a distinction, and this distinction is because man has changed God's word. God used the same word to describe both persons and animals. If this one word proves anyone now has an immortal soul, it would prove both man and animals now have an immortal soul. Man says animals do not have a soul that lives in them unto their death, but there is a soul that is living in people. God says both people and animals are a soul.

In many passages nehphesh is rightly translated persons, not souls. “Soul” as it is used today is a completely difference thing than “person,” but the translators in trying to put “soul” into the Bible translated both from the same Hebrew word just as they translated the same word into “life” and many other words in many passages where the translators did not think they could change “nehphesh” a mortal being into an immortal soul.

1. “Give me the persons (nehphesh)” (Genesis 17:14)

2.“All the persons (nehphesh)” (Genesis 37:31)

3. “The persons (nehphesh) shall be for the Lord” (Leviticus 26:29)

4. “And that person (nehphesh) be guilty” (Numbers 5:2)

5. “Body of any man (nehphesh)” (Numbers 19:11)

6. “The dead body of any man (nehphesh)” (Numbers 19:13)

7. “The person (nehphesh) that was there” (Numbers 19:18)

8. “Killed any person (nehphesh)” (Numbers 31:19)

9. “Two thousand persons (nehphesh)” (Numbers 31:35)

10. “And sixteen thousands persons (nehphesh)” (Numbers 31:46)

11. “Which killed any person (nehphesh)” (Numbers 35:11)

12. “That killed any person (nehphesh)” (Numbers 35:30)

13. “An innocent person (nehphesh)” (Deuteronomy 27:25)

14. “That killeth any person (nehphesh)” (Joshua 20:3)

15. “God respect any person (nehphesh)” (2 Samuel 14:14)

16. “They had decreed for themselves (nehphesh)” (Esther 9:31)

17. “He teareth himself (nehphesh)” (Job 18:4)

18. “He justified himself (nehphesh)” (Job 32:2)

19. “I have behaved and quieted myself (nehphesh)” (Psalms 132:2)

20. “The blood of any person (nehphesh)” (Proverbs 28:17)

21. “Has enlarged herself (nehphesh)” (Isaiah 5:14)

22. “Shall not deliver themselves (nehphesh)” (Isaiah 47:14)

23. “Whom any man (nehphesh) despiseth” (Isaiah 49:7)

24. “Has justified herself (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 3:11)

25. “Take heed to yourselves (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 17:21)

26. “Deceive not yourselves (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 37:9)

27. “Every person (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 43:6)

28. “Sworn by himself (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 51:14)

29. “Two persons (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 52:29)

30. “And five persons (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 52:30)

31. “The loathing of thy person (nehphesh)” (Ezekiel 16:5)

32. “Cut off many persons (nehphesh) (Ezekiel 17:17)

33. “They traded the persons (nehphesh) of man” (Ezekiel 27:13)

34. “Take any person (nehphesh)” (Ezekiel 33:6)

35. “The mighty deliver himself (nehphesh)” (Amos 2:14)

36. “Deliver himself (nehphesh)” (Amos 2:15)

37. “God hath sworn by himself (nehphesh)” (Amos 6:8)

38. “A dead body (nehphesh)” (Haggai 2:13)

39. “If any one (nehphesh)” (Leviticus 4:27)

40. “Any living thing (nehphesh)” (Leviticus 11:10)

41. “And slayeth him (nehphesh)” (Deuteronomy 22:26)

42. “Setteth his (nehphesh) heart” (Deuteronomy 24:15)

43. “At thine (nehphesh) own pleasure” (Deuteronomy 23:24)

44. “Whosoever killeth any person (nehphesh)” (Joshua 20:9)

45. “All the persons (nehphesh)” (I Samuel 23:22)

46. “All that thine (nehphesh) heart” (2 Samuel 3:21)

47. “Every man (nehphesh)” (2 Kings 12:4)

48. “They (nehphesh) die in youth” (Job 36:14)

49. “Of his (nehphesh) heart’s desire” (Psalms 10:3)

50. “My deadly (nehphesh) enemies” (Psalms 17:9)

51. “Unto to the will (nehphesh) of” (Psalms 27:12)

52. “So would we (nehphesh) have it” (Psalms 35:25)

53. “Unto to the will (nehphesh) of his enemies” (Psalms 35:41)

54. “Why are you (nehphesh) cast down” (Psalms 42:5, 42:11, 45:5)

55. “Asking meat for their (nehphesh) lust” (Psalms 78:18)

56. “He (nehphesh) was laid in iron” (Psalms105:18)

57. “I have behaved and quieted myself (nehphesh)” (Psalms 131:2)

58. “Knows his (nehphesh) own bitterness” (Proverbs 14:10)

59. “As he thinketh in his (nehphesh) heart” (Proverbs 23:7)

60. “At her (nehphesh) pleasure” (Jeremiah 2:24)

61. “At their (nehphesh) pleasure” (Jeremiah 34:16)

62. “Should he slay you (nehphesh)” (Jeremiah 40:15)

63. “With a despiteful heart (nehphesh)” (Ezekiel 25:15)

64. “With a bitterness of heart (nehphesh)” (Ezekiel 27:31)

Nehphesh is translated “mind” 15 times. Nehphesh is translated “life” and “lives” many times referring to living and dead mortal being, both persons and animals.

Summary. About one-third of the words translated soul from nehphesh in the Old Testament, and from psukee in the New Testament, are both associated with the destruction and death of a soul (nehphesh). This is an insoluble problem for those that believe today's theology, which says a soul cannot die.

Since the word “soul” has a meaning in todays English that is not in the Hebrew word “nehphesh,” or the Greek word “psuche” the question is, “Is soul a true translation, or was it the translators changed the Bible by putting their Platonic and Hellenized philosophy into the Bible?” The doctrine of an immortal soul did not exist when the Old Testament was written, and nehphesh would not have been understood to be a “soul,” not unto the Greek doctrine was brought into the church by some of the so called “church fathers,” and by the Dark Age Catholic Church; they were not called “church fathers” in their day, but were called this by the Catholic Church, probably to justify the use of “father” the way Catholics use it, and to make the writing of the “church fathers” have more authority. The translators of the King James Version still believed this pagan doctrine and they changed the word of God in many places, but think goodness most translations have now partly corrected many of the changes.

NEW KING JAMES VERSION STUDY EDITION 1990, page 935. “The Hebrew word for soul has many meanings and seldom (some would say never) equals what English-speaking Christians man mean by the term.” Most Christians under stand “soul” to be an immaterial, deathless something in a person that will forever fly away from the person it was in at their death.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPEDIA, "Not, however, to dwell on the fact that many peoples have no clear conception of an immaterial 'soul' in the modern sense (the Egyptians, e. g. distinguished several parts, the Ka, the Ba, etc., which survived death; often the surviving self is simply a ghostly resemblance of the earthly self, nourished with food, offerings, etc.), there is the more serious consideration that the state into which the surviving part is supposed to enter at death is anything but a state which can be described as 'life,' or worthy to be dignified with the name 'immortality.' It is a state peculiar to 'death;' in most cases, shadowy, inert, feeble, dependent, joyless; a state to be dreaded and shrunk from, not one to be hoped for. If, on the other hand, as in the hope of immortality among the nobler heathen, it is conceived of, as for some, a state of happiness–the clog of the body being shaken off–this yields the idea, which has passed into so much of our modern thinking, of an 'immortality of the soul,' of an imperishableness of the spiritual part, sometimes supposed to extend backward as well as forward; an inherent indestructibility." From the article "Immortal; Immortality." Also from the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, "We are influenced always more or less by the Greek, Platonic idea that the body dies, yet the soul is immortal. Such an idea is utterly contrary to the Israelite consciousness and is nowhere found in the Old Testament." From the article "Death," page 812. "Soul, like spirit, has various shades of meaning in the O.T., which may be summarized as follows, 'Soul,' 'living being,' 'life,' 'self,' 'person,' 'desire,' 'appetite,' 'emotion' and 'passion'... NEHPHESH OR SOUL CAN ONLY DENOTE THE INDIVIDUAL LIFE WITH A MATERIAL ORGANIZATION OR BODY." Page 2837. "For the Hebrews a person was a unity, not to be divided into body, soul, and spirit as the Greeks did." Page 592.

JEWISH ENCYCLOPEDIA, "The belief that the soul continues its existence after the dissolution of the body is a matter of philosophical or theological speculation rather than of simple faith, AND IS ACCORDINGLY, NOWHERE TAUGHT IN THE HOLY SCRIPTURE...The belief in the immortality of the soul came to the Jews from contact with Greek thought and chiefly through the philosophy of Plato, its principal exponent, who was led to it through Orphic and Dleusinian mysteries in which Babylonian and Egyptian views were strangely blended." Article-"Immortality of the Soul," 1925.

The concept of punishment after death is not in the Old Testament. The Law given through Moses deals only with punishment in this life and has no provisions for punishment after death. From their contact with pagan philosophy, the pagan immortal soul teaching had made some inroads with some Jews by the time of Christ. Paul warned about this Philosophy (Colossians 2:8).

C. R. GRESHAM commenting on 1 Corinthians 15:51-52. "Paul is pointing out that the resurrection truth which he is revealing was partially, if not wholly, hidden to past generations. We must take this seriously and not read New Testament revelation back into the Old Testament accounts…It is generally conceived that there is little about resurrection or after-life in what the Jews called the Torah...and the Former Prophets...Death is seen as the end, the destruction of human existence," page 25. "Man's soul is primarily his vitality, his life, not some separate part of a person that has independent existence and an immortal nature, God's spirit (His breath, His power) creates and sustains all living things (Ps 33:6; 104:29-30), even the human spirit (Zech 12:1), but never is man's soul or spirit seen as an immortal part of man surviving death.” Page 40. "The widespread misunderstanding that the New Testament teaches the immortality of the soul...If one recognizes that death and eternal life in the New Testament are always bound up the Christ-event, then it becomes clear that for the first Christians the soul is not intrinsically immortal, but rather became so only through the resurrection of Jesus Christ." "What The Bible Says About Resurrection," page 275, The College Press, 1983, (Christian Church).

INTERPRETER’S DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE, “No biblical text authorizes the statement that the soul is separated from the body at the moment of death.” Volume 1, Article “Death,” page 802, 1960. “The word ‘soul’ in English…coming from philosophical Greek (Platonism)…In the OT it never means the immortal soul, but it is essentially the life principle, or the living being, or the self as the subject of appetite, and emotion.” Volume 4, Article “Soul,” 1960.

The belief of Socrates and Plato was that when a soul is freed from the person it was in, that freed soul would live forever without the person that it had been imprisoned in. If, as Plato taught, a soul is a separate being from the person it is in, then it would make it unjust for a soul to be tormented for what the person did. It would be like making Bill be judged and punished for what John did.

This Greek philosophy, that a soul was imprisoned in the body of a person unto the death of the person, was what some of the “church fathers” had been taught and believed, the background from which they came. Tertullian, one of the first of the “church fathers” to teach this philosophy was truthful about from where he had learned it. He said, "For some things are known even by nature, the immortality of the soul, for instance, is held by many...I may use, therefore, the opinion of a Plato, when he declares, 'Every soul is immortal.'" Ante–Nicene Fathers, Volume 3, page 1916. By the time of the translation of the King James Version this heathen doctrine was believed by the Roman Catholic Church and by most Protestants, but had been changed from Plato’s belief that all souls are freed and go on to a much better place to only a few souls go to a better place, but most souls, after being freed from the persons they were in by the death of the persons, will go to eternal torment in Hell; the “Hell” part had to be added by the Catholic Church to what was taught by Plato, it was changed from what was believed by Plato that after the death of the persons all souls that was trapped in then would be in the same place; Hell had not been invented by the Catholic Church in his time.

Neither “nehphesh” nor “psuche” are used with the qualifying words aionios, immoral, undying, endless, or everlasting, but in today’s preaching these words are continually added to “soul.”

The Egyptians might have been the first to believe in the dual nature of a person. They believed that death was a door to a new form of life for a soul, which may be higher or lower life, depending on how good or bad a person was that a soul had been in. They believed the body was evil and a prison to a soul. They built the pyramids and other tombs and put the things in them they thought would be needed by a soul after the death of the person. Death was a friend to them that freed a soul from the evil body it was in; but it was the Greeks (Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato) who adopted this Egyptian belief of the dual nature of a person and father developed the philosophy of the immortal soul. Some of the church fathers were schooled in and believed in this Greek philosophy, and were only partly converted. They, after greatly expanding on the teaching of Plato, brought the Greek philosophy into the church, which led to the apostasy in the Dark Age. Unconditional immortality is the foundation of the doctrine of Hell. If a person had an unseen immortal soul in them that would not die when the person died, there had to be a place to put the deathless evil souls after they were freed from the persons they had been imprisoned in; therefore, the doctrine of a soul going to Heaven or Hell immediately after the person died came into being without a resurrection or a judgment, and the New Testament teaching of the resurrection of the dead became unneeded and of little or no importance.

In the Greek philosophy a soul never dies; only the body dies, freeing a deathless soul from the person to live a higher life. Christ taught the resurrection of man, not the Greek "immaterial, invisible part of man" (W. E. Vine) that never dies. The Greeks did not believe in or need a resurrection, or a savior, or a redeemer; these would not fit into their belief. They believed in an immortal soul; therefore, there could be no death for any soul. The Greek philosophy of an immortal soul is opposed and opposite to the teaching of Christ on the resurrection. The immortal soul doctrine was believed by most pagan religions in the time of Paul, and when he was before Agrippa, he asked, "Why is it considered incredible among you people if God does raise the dead?" (Acts 26:8). To Plato and Agrippa, the resurrection of the dead would have been a step backward. It would put a soul that was freed from its imprisonment in a person back into the prison it had been freed from.

The Greek and heathen belief that the immortal soul is indestructible, demands that a soul cannot die, but must be alive forever somewhere.

The resurrection as taught by Christ demands that a person be dead, if not, there cannot be a resurrection.

The resurrection is a calling back to life of the whole person God created, not a calling back to life of a deathless something that is a difference being than the person that it had been imprisoned in. If the Greek doctrine of an immortal soul that cannot die, which is believed by many today were true, then the resurrection of Christ and our resurrection would be pointless even if it were possible to raise a dead soul that is not dead.

SOCRATES and PLATO -- versus - CHRIST

Immortality --------- versus - A resurrection to life

Death a friend ------ versus - Death is "the last enemy"

Plato, A soul is immortal| If there is no resurrection

therefore only “it” | death is the end of all

is alive after death | life 1 Corinthians 15:14-23

Plato, Only the body dies| "Then they also that are

freeing a soul to higher | fallen asleep in Christ

life without a body | have perished" 1 Cor. 15:18

Only some inter something| A person who in Christ

that is in person is | will put on immortality,

immortal, not the person | not something in a person

Souls that were in all | Christ is "the first

the dead are now alive | born from the dead"

Souls cannot perish | Souls (psukee) will perish

Souls cannot be destroyed| in Gehenna Matthew 10:28

Plato's immortal soul and Christ's resurrection are not compatible, both cannot be. One can be true, but not both; they are alien and complete opposite to each other. The immortal soul doctrine of Plato is a total rejection of the teaching of Christ on the resurrection of a person to life at the second coming of Christ. To believe Plato is to reject Christ.

Plato argued for an immortal, immaterial soul that was better off after the death of the person it had been imprisoned in.

Paul taught the resurrection of the dead person.

The two are completely incompatible; it is difficult to understand why many say they believe the Bible when they choose Plato’s pagan philosophy over the Bible.

Paul and Plato used the same Greek words, but not in the same way. Immortal, immortality, indestructible, never dying was used by Plato, and are used by many today to describe a soul that exist after the death of the person it once was in, but in the Old or New Testament these words are never used referring to any lost person, or to anything that had been in a person. The expression "immortal soul" is very common in the writing of the pagan philosophers and by today's preachers, but is not found in the Bible.

PAUL USED |PLATO AND MANY TODAY SAY

Die |an immortal soul cannot die

Death |no death for a immortal soul

Destroyed |an immortal soul cannot be destroyed

Corruption |all souls are now incorruptible

Mortal |all souls are now immortal

Perish |a soul cannot perish

What Plato and the Greeks thought about there being a soul in a person, and that soul would exist with some kind of life when the person it was in died is not the word of God; to those that believe the Bible, the Greek immortal soul that has some kind of life after the death of the person it had been in is not any part of the Christian faith.

HENRY CONSTABLE, "In the very terms in which the punishment of the wicked is asserted in the New Testament. (1) Where the latter says a soul shall die, Plato says it shall not die. (2) Where the latter says it shall be destroyed, Plato says it shall not be destroyed. (3) Where the latter says it shall perish and suffer corruption, Plato says it shall not perish and is incorruptible…But the discussion of the question was not confined to the school of Plato or to his times. Every school of philosophy took it up, whether to confirm Plato's view, or to deny it, or to heap ridicule upon it. All the phrases we have been discussing from the New Testament had been explained, turned over and over, handled with all the power of the masters of language, presented in every phase, so that of their sense there could be no doubt, nor could there be any one ignorant of their sense before Jesus spoke, or an Evangelist or Apostle wrote. The subject had not died out before the days of Christ. It never could and never will die out. In every city of the Roman world were schools of Grecian taught in the days of the Apostles. In every school the question before us was discussed in the phrases and language of the New Testament.” "Duration and Nature of Future Punishment," 1871.

CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA, "Plato established the basic Western tradition on this topic by defining the soul as the spiritual part of the human that survived death." 1991.

OSCR CULLMANN, “He (Christ) must indeed be the very one who in His death conquers death itself. He cannot obtain this victory by simply living on as an immortal soul, thus fundamentally not dying. He can conquer death only by actually dying, by betaking Himself to the sphere of death, the destroyer of life…Whoever wants to conquer death must die, he must really cease to live–not simply live on as an immortal soul…For Socrates and Plato…the body is indeed bad and should not live on. And that part, which is to live on, the soul, does not die at all …therefore it is death…which must be conquered by the resurrection …the whole thinking of the New Testament is governed by the belief in the resurrection. Belief in the immortality of the soul is not belief in a revolutionary event. Immortality, in fact, is only a negative assertion, the soul does not die, but simply lives on. Resurrection is a positive assertion, the whole man, who has really died, is recalled to life…The Greek doctrine of immortality and the Christian hope in the resurrection differ so radically because Greek thought has such and entirely different interpretation of creation.” “Immortality Of The Soul Or Resurrection Of The Dead?” 1958.

Many believe that in the afterlife there will be nothing more than a collection of disembodied spirits or souls that will be just as alive and just the same from the day of birth of the persons these soul were in as these souls will be after they leave the person after the persons death. Death and the resurrection are out of step with the belief of Plato.

That there is something in a person and that something being deathless is a philosophy of man that Paul warned about (Colossians 2:8). An immortal soul was copied from heathen philosophy and superstition. Those who believe we now have "an immortal soul" get their belief from Greek philosophy, but are inconstant and self-contradicting; they say a soul cannot die, but it needs a Savior anyway. If we were born with an immortal soul, it would have no need for Christ to save it from the death it cannot die. Christianity did not destroy the pagan doctrine of Egypt and Greece; in the Dark Age it adopted it and made it the teaching of the Roman Church.

IF THERE IS NO RESURRECTION

(1). If a soul is immortal (deathless) then Christ has not been raised, 1 Cor. 15:13-15.

(2). If a soul is immortal (deathless) we are false witnesses, the dead have not be raised, 1 Corinthians 15:15.

(3). If a soul is immortal (deathless) our faith is vain and we are yet in our sins, 1 Corinthians 15:17.

(4). If a soul is immortal (deathless) and it will live without the person, no Christians will be raised from the dead, dead persons are dead forever, 1 Corinthians 15:18-19.

Death is the enemy (1 Corinthians 15:26). It is the destruction of the life given by God. It is not the liberator of an immortal soul, as Plato believed it to be. It is death, which must be conquered by the resurrection. When we understand that death is really death, not another kind of life for an immortal living something that has no substance that is in a person, the resurrection is all-important. Without a resurrection we can do anything that we want to do for this life is all there is (1 Corinthians 15:32). Our only hope is the resurrection, and without it there will be no life of any kind for us after death. Plato's immortal, deathless soul needs no resurrection; A DEATHLESS SOUL CANNOT BE RESURECTED FROM THE DEAD.

ED DYE, “Is man born with an immortal soul, or do the saved put on immortality at the resurrection? Answer: Both! Born with an immortal soul and a mortal body. Then at the resurrection of the body IT puts on immortality, 12 Cor. 15.” Does he think the mortal body we now have is going to put on immortal, and both the mortal body we now have, and a soul that is already immortal, therefore it cannot put on immortal, that both of the two beings will exist together forever in Heaven? “Further Study Of The Soul of Man.”

(1). "Set your hope perfectly on the grace that is to be brought unto you at the revelation of Jesus Christ" (1 Peter 1:12). It is at the resurrection that we "shall receive the crown of glory that fades not away" (1 Peter 5:4).

(2). "Be patient; therefore, brethren, until the coming of the Lord” (James 4:7-8). As the farmer is patient unto the harvest to receive his reward, the believers are to be patient unto the coming of Christ to receive their reward.

(3). "It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body" (1 Corinthians 15:43); it is not the natural body that will be raised. "We (persons, not souls) shall all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump, for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible.” Dead persons will be raised from the dead with a completely new spiritual body, not already living souls that have no bodies raised from the dead (1 Corinthians 15:52).

(4). "Beloved, now are we children of God, and it is not yet made manifest what we shall be. We know that, when he shall be manifested, we shall be like him; for we shall see him even as he is" (1 John 3:2). Every one knows what kind of body we now have, but no one knows what we shall be after the resurrection; it is “we” (persons) that do not know what “we” shall be after “we” are resurrected; if there were a soul now in a person, that soul would be the same while the person was alive, the same after the person was dead, the same after the coming of Christ; how could a soul not know what “it” shall be?

The wrath of God will be "in the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God" (Romans 2:5), not wrath at death before the Judgment Day, and not eternal wrath after the Judgment Day is over. On that day, it will be rendered "to them that by patience in well doing seek for glory and honor and incorruption, eternal life” (Romans 2:8), not to souls that now have eternal life that are believed to be in all that will be given eternal life. The judgment will be "in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men" (Romans 2:16), not at death. It is the Judgment Day when "we (not souls) shall all stand before the judgment-seat of God” (Romans 14:10). It is the day that the Lord will judge all. "Wherefore judge nothing before the time, until the Lord comes who will both bring to light the hidden things of darkness, and make manifest the counsels of the hearts" (1 Corinthians 4:5, also, Ephesians 4:30).

(1). "And to wait for his Son from heaven" (1 Thessalonians 1:10). Death will not take anyone to Heaven without waiting for the second coming of Jesus.

(2). When the Lord shall descend from Heaven, them that have fallen asleep in Jesus, "the dead in Christ shall rise first; then we that are alive, that are left, shall together with them be caught up in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air, and so shall we ever be with the Lord" (1 Thessalonians 4:17). Our hope is to be raised from our sleep at the coming of Christ, not come back from living in Heaven or Abraham's bosom.

(3). Paul says he will receive a "crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give to me at that day; and not to me only, but also to all them that have loved his appearing." (2 Timothy 4:8).

The Bible speaks of “us,” “we,” and “you” that shall be with the Lord after the Judgment Day, the person will be resurrected, not a soul that once was in a person that has already gone on to be with the Lord, both without the person, and without the resurrection.

The Bible teaching, "The wages of sin is death" leaves no lost person or souls alive after the judgment and second death to be put anywhere. The teaching of Christ, that life (everlasting life or immortality) will be given only to those who obey Him, makes Hell impossible. Unless Christ gives eternal life (immortality) to the lost, they cannot live forever anywhere. The Greek teaching of an immortal soul must be made to stand, and the teaching of Christ that He will give life only to those who come to Him must be removed from the Bible, or there cannot be a Hell.

Socrates drinks hemlock and died with a smile on his face because he thought he was freeing a soul to leave his body and live with the gods, for a soul that was in him to live free of being in him. Christ "sweats as it was great drops of blood" (Luke 22:44). Death is the enemy of man; it destroys him, and only the resurrection will free us from death, and gives us back the life death takes. In death there is no life in Heaven, or no life in any other place for us before the resurrection. The resurrection is not deathless souls coming back from Heaven and Hell to be judged and then going back to Heaven and Hell, it is our only hope of life after our death. Without the resurrection "then they also that are fallen asleep in Christ have perished" (1 Corinthians 15:18). The Greek philosophy that found its way into the Church in the Dark Age says souls that have left the persons they were in have not perished, but that souls have some kind of life without the need of a resurrection; if there were an immortal soul that cannot perish then those who “are fallen asleep in Christ” have forever perished, but many believe there are souls in them cannot perish; how could Paul have been so wrong?

“For since by MAN came death, by a MAN also came the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ all shall be made alive” (1 Corinthians 15:”21-22); from Adam to the second coming of Christ all persons die, the same all will be resurrected at the coming of Christ. If, as we are told, a soul is the only thing that will ever be immortal, and that a soul is already immortal and cannot die, it cannot be “made alive.” The pagan deathless soul doctrine makes this passage be total nonsense.

“By man came death…in Adam all die” (1 Corinthians 15:21-22).

“By man came the resurrection of the dead…in Christ all shall be made alive” (1 Corinthians 15:21-22).

By Adam death came to all persons, all literally die. By Christ the same all that are dead will be “made alive” by the resurrection of the dead; neither persons or souls that are not dead could not be resurrected; the undead cannot be resurrected from the dead.

As the results of the pagan immortal soul doctrine there came into existent many other false doctrines, Hellfire, Purgatory, worship of Mary and saints, etc. The Protestant Reformation was largely a reaction to medieval superstitious beliefs, and to Purgatory that is an intermediate state of temporal punishment where souls that were not good enough to go to Heaven, and not bad enough to go to Hell; in the Church in the Dark Age this was believed to be almost all souls that had left the dead persons that they had been in. The priests would have the loved ones pay for souls to shorten the time souls that had been in the dead persons were in Purgatory. Selling indulgences and paying to reduce the time deathless souls that had left the dead loved ones would spend in Purgatory was rejected by the Reformation, as was many other beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church; but both the Greek dual nature of a person and the doctrine of Hell that were brought in by the Catholic Church were both retained. Calvin believed a soul did not sleep, and that soul went to Heaven or Hell as soon as it left the person; therefore, a soul that is not dead could not be resurrection from the dead.

The Westminster Confession says, "Souls of the righteous...are received unto the highest heavens...soul of the wicked are cast into Hell."

Different characteristics of a person, not different parts of a person that one part can live without any other part; a person looked at from different points of view.

(1). BODY, Flesh and blood.

(2). SOUL, A person is a living being, the body plus the breath of life is a soul, a living being.

(3). MIND, If the intellectual part of a person is his mind, does a “soul” as it is used in today's theology have its own mind? Does a soul have any thoughts that our mind does not have? If not, according to today's theology, the only thing that will be in Heaven will have no thoughts.

(4). HEART, The most commonly used characteristic of a person. (Genesis 6:5; Judges; 16:15, 17, 18, 20; Matthew 5:8; Luke 12:34; Romans 10:10; Hebrews 3:10). The heart is used in the place of the mind for the thing that the mind does, the seat of intellect, affection, understanding, and will; not the part of the body that pumps blood. (Matthew 13:15; 15:19; Mark 7:19; Luke 6:45; 9:47; Acts 8:21; 8:37; 28:27; Romans 10:9; 10:10; 1 Corinthians 2:9; 7:37; Hebrews 3:10; 4:12; 1 John 3:20-21). Has not the things said about the heart been transferred to a soul by those who believe a soul is an immaterial, immortal being that has no substance?

The whole person dies, the whole person is buried, the whole person is resurrected for judgment, and the whole resurrected person that is in Christ will live with Christ.

(1). The whole person dies and the whole person is buried.

1. “Aaron died and there he was buried” (Deuteronomy 10:6).

2. “There they buried Abraham and his wife Sarah, there they buried Isaac” (Genesis 49:31).

3. “David that he both died and was buried and his tomb is with us to this day” (Acts 2:29). David himself, not a part of David.

(2). It is because the whole person is asleep, because the whole person is actually dead that the whole person must be resurrected and judged, not just an undead, immaterial, deathless something that had been in a person unto the death of the person.

Stephen “fell asleep” (Acts 7:59).

“David slept with his fathers and was buried” (1 Kings 2:10).

(3). The whole person will be raised and live with Christ, not Plato’s pagan soul that will never be dead, that will never be in the tombs or graves (plural graves), or will never be raised from the dead.

1. “ALL that are in the TOMBS shall hear his voice, and shall come forth” (John 6:28-29). “Graves” (plural, many graves) in King James Version, but we are told by those that believe in souls that souls are never in “graves.”

2. “And I will raise HIM up at the last day” (John 6:54), not will raise “it.”

ASHLEY S. JOHNSON, founder and president of the Johnson Bible College, “Generally the word ‘soul’ in the ordinary version should be life.” “The Resurrection And The Future Life,” page 336, Knoxville, Lithographing Company, 1913.

"MAN BECAME A LIVING BEING" Genesis 1:26. "Then God said, 'Let Us make MAN in Our image,'" not, "Let Us make a soul in Our Image and put this soul in MAN unto the death of the MAN it is in;" it is MAN that is in the image of God, nothing is said about the image of a soul. Genesis 2:7 "Then the Lord formed MAN of dust from the ground and breathed into HIS nostrils the breath of life; (not breathed into the body an immortal undying no substance soul, but breathed into “man” the breath of life, which both men and animals have), and MAN became a living being.” Not a body plus an immortal soul, but "a living being," not two living beings, a body being (a person) with an invisible soul living being that is living in the person. How can the breath of life in your nose (breathing) be an immortal something that dose not breathe? The same “man” that was created “in the image of God” is the same “man” that breathes.” It is not an immaterial something in “man” that does not breathe that is in the image of God.

The body of dust plus the breath of life = a living soul (a living being–nehphesh), Genesis 2:7. The breath of life without the body would not be a person or animal; it would not be an immortal living being, not a nehphesh. ALL living creatures, whether they are animals or sea-dwelling creatures are souls (nehpheshs–living beings). All life comes from God and all life returns to God. The body plus the breath of life makes a living being (a nehpheshs), makes a living person or animal.

DEATH OF MANKIND–CREATION IN REVERSE

Creation–body made of dust–breath of life from God = a living person (a nehpheshs) (Genesis 2:7).

Death–breath of life returns to God–body returns to dust = a dead person (a nehpheshs) (Ecclesiastes 12:7).

Genesis 2:7

1. Body formed of the dust from the ground.

2. Breathed into the nostrils of the body the breath of life.

Psalm 104:29

1. God takes away their breath.

2. They return to the earth.

Psalm 146:29

1. God takes away the breath.

2. He returns to the earth.

God formed MAN, not merely the body of man; it was MAN that was formed from the dust of the ground. It is MAN, not an invisible something that was put in the MAN that is not the MAN, not something that has no substance that is in the image of God. After Adam was put out of the garden he was still in the image of God, mankind is still in the image of God. If Adam was created innate immortal, then what was the purpose of the tree of life? If there was an immortal soul that was in Adam and that soul was created not subject to death, then the tree of life could have had no purpose; an immortal soul that cannot die would live forever with or without the tree of life, if it did eat, or did not eat of the tree of life; it was Adam that could and did die for eating of the forbidden fruit, not a deathless soul that could not die; an immaterial soul could not eat of the forbidden fruit, or die for eating of the forbidden fruit, which if there were an immaterial soul could not eat material fruit.

Summary - The Bible says, “Man BECAME a living soul” is changed to, “Man had a soul put in him.” There is a world of difference in (1) a person being a BEING a soul, (2) and a person HAVING a soul put in them; it is two difference gospels. Both man and animals ARE a living soul; neither persons nor animals HAVE a soul that is living in them. If the breath of life in his nostrils in Genesis 2:7 makes a person have something that is immortal (soul) living in him or her that cannot die, then "all in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life" in Genesis 7:22 would also prove all beasts, birds, and fish have the same immortal something in them that cannot die, but both persons (nehphesh) and beasts (nehphesh) died in the flood.

GOD IS A LIVING BEING

Not God has a soul living in Him

“Moreover, I will make My dwelling among you, and My soul (nehphesh) will not reject you” (Leviticus 26:11). “I then will destroy your high places, and cut down your incense altars, and heap your remains on the remains of your idols; for My soul (nehphesh) shall abhor you” (Leviticus 26:30).

I know of no one that believes God has “an invisible, no substance” something in Him that can exist apart from Him. His soul (nehphesh) is His person, His being–life, not an immortal soul living in the immortal God, just as a soul of a person or animal is the life (the living being) of the person or animal, not an immortal being in them.

ANIMALS ARE "SOULS"

Nehphesh–a living creature–animals are a living being, not animals HAVE souls. They do not HAVE an immaterial, invisible, or a no substance, deathless something living in them; they ARE a living being. In Genesis 1:20; 1:21; 1:24; 1:30, most translations try to hide this. WHY? Why is the same word translated "living creature" when used referring to animals, and the same word is changed and translated "soul" when used referring to a person? There is no excuse or defense for it; it is a deliberate attempt by the translators, who did not believe God's word as it is, to mislead their readers; all Bible teachers should point this out to all they teach (James 3:1). If "the living soul" (nehphesh) is an immortal living something that is in a person, then bugs, all sea creatures, all birds, and all animals have an immortal soul. In Genesis "Living soul" is used much more of these living beings than it is of man.

Passages in which soul (nehphesh) is speaking of animals being souls, but it is deliberately hid from the English readers that the word nehphesh–the word that they mistranslated souls is used.

(1). Genesis 1:20, “Then God said, Let the waters swarm with swarms of living souls (nehpheshs, used referring to animals)”

(2). Genesis 1:21, “And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living soul (nehphesh, used referring to animals) that moved wherewith the waters swarmed.”

(3). Genesis 1:24, “And God said, Let the earth bring forth living souls (nehpheshs, used referring to animals) after their kind, cattle, and creeping things, and beasts of the earth after their kind.”

(4). Genesis 2:19, “And out of the ground the Lord God formed every beast of the field and every bird of the sky, and brought them to the man to see what he would call them; and whatever the man called a living creature (nehpheshs, used referring to animals), that was its name.”

(5). Genesis 1:30, “And to every beast of the earth and to every bird of the sky and to every thing that moves on the earth which has life (nehphesh, used referring to animals).

(6). Genesis 9:10, "And with ever living creature (nehpheshs, used referring to animals) that is with you, of the fowl, of the cattle, and of every beast of the earth with you."

(7). Genesis 9:12, “This is the covenant which I am making between Me and you and ever living creature (nehpheshs, used referring to animals) that is with you.”

(8). Genesis 9:15, “And I will remember My covenant, which is between Me and you and ever living creature (nehpheshs, used referring to both man and animals) of all flesh.”

(9). Genesis 9:16, “When the bow is in the cloud, then I will look upon it, to remember the everlasting covenant between God and ever living creature (nehpheshs, used referring to both man and animals) of all flesh that is on the earth.”

(10). Leviticus 11:10, “But whatever is in the seas and in the rivers, that do not have fins and scales among all the teeming life of the water, and among all the living creatures (nehpheshs, referring to animals) that are in the water, they are detestable things to you.”

(11). Leviticus 11:46, “This is the law regarding the animal, and the bird, and every living thing (nehpheshs, used referring to animals) that swarms on the earth.”

(12). Leviticus 17:11, “For the life (nehphesh, used referring to an animal) of the flesh is in the blood, and I have given it to you on the altar to make atonement for your souls (lives–nehpheshs, used referring to men); for it is the blood by reason of the life (nehphesh, used referring to animals) that makes atonement.” The exact same word in the same sentence in the Hebrew (nehphesh) is translated life two times when referring to animals and is translated soul only when it is referring to mankind!

(13). Leviticus 22:11, “But if the priest buy any souls (nehpheshs, used referring to animals that are to be used as food) with his money, he shall eat of it, and he that is born in his house, they shall eat of his meat” King James Version.

(14). Leviticus 24:18, “And the one who takes the life (nehphesh, used referring to animals) of an animal shall make it good, life (nehphesh, used referring to animals) for life (soul–nehphesh, used referring to animals).” “And he that killest a beast (nehphesh) shall make it good, beast (soul–nehphesh) for beast (soul–nehphesh),” King James Version.

(15). Numbers 31:28, "One soul (nehphesh life, used referring to both man and animals) of five hundred, of the persons and of the beeves, and of the asses, and of the sheep."

(16). Job 41:1, “Leviathan,” (nehphesh, used referring to an animal) is used six times in the Bible, probably a crocodile (Job 41:21). From over 870 times nehphesh is used, this is the only time nehphesh is translated breath in the Kings James Version. After all, they could not have a crocodile, a sea monster, or whatever this nehphesh was having an "immortal soul" for then they would have to put it’s soul in Heaven or Hell for a soul in an immortal crocodile could never die, and, according to the theology of many, if there were a soul in a crocodile it would have to be somewhere for all eternity.

(17). Ezekiel 47:9, “And it will come about that every living creature (nehpheshs, used referring to animals) which swarms in every place where the river goes.”

(18). Leviticus 17:14, Genesis 9:4 "For the life (nehphesh, used referring to man and to animals) of every creature is the blood of it."

(19). Deuteronomy 12:23, “Only be sure not to eat the blood, for the blood is the life (nehphesh, used referring to animals), and you shall not eat the life (soul–nehphesh, used referring to animals) with the flesh.”

(20). Job 12:10, "In whose hand is the life (nehphesh, used referring to man and to animals) of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind?"

(21). Proverbs 12:10, "A righteous man has regard for the life (nehphesh, used referring to animals) of his beast."

(22). And many more, but if this does not convict anyone that all living being are a soul nothing will. Notices how the translators tried to hide this from their readers.

Many believe, "The living soul" in Genesis 2:7 is the one distinctive thing that makes a person different from an animal, but if this makes a person have an immortal soul in them, there is no way around all living things having immortal souls in them. In the above twenty-one passages bugs, birds, fish, persons, are all nehpheshs, all are "living beings," not a deathless, immaterial something.

ERDMANN DICTIONARY OF THE BIBLE, "Far from referring simply to one aspect of a person, 'soul' refers to the whole person." Page 1245.

HOLMAN BIBLE DICTIONARY, "A human being is a totality of being, not a combination of various parts and impulses. According to the Old Testament understanding, a person is not a body, which happens to possess a soul. Instead, a person is a living soul...Because of God’s breath of life; the man became 'a living being' (Gen. 2:7). A person thus is a complete totality, made up of human flesh, spirit (best understood as "the life-force'), and nephesh (best understood as "the total self' but often translated as 'soul')." Page 61.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPEDIA, "There is not dualism in the sense of separation, as though there could be full man either as body alone or as soul alone...together they make up the one man." Volume 1, page 134.

HASTINGS BIBLE DICTIONARY, “Soul is throughout the great part of the Bible simply the equivalent of ‘life’ embodied in living creature.”

PARKHURST’S LEXICON, “As a noun nephesh has been supposed to signify the spiritual part of man, or what we commonly call his soul. I must for myself confess that I can find no passages where it has undoubtedly this meaning.” Parkhurst was a highly regarded person that believed in an immortal soul, but confessed that he was unable to find his belief in the Old Testament.

T. PIERCE BROWN, "A consideration of EVERY passage in which these terms are used leads us to the consideration that the term 'soul' is a term that was applied in the Bible to every being that normally has sensory capacities (life), whether or not they have that capacity when the term is used referring to them. For example, one might see a body of a dead person and say, 'That poor soul is dead.' The Bible uses the term that way, even as we do, and it has nothing at all to do with the immorality or mortality of a soul. It simply means that the PERSON (the one who HAD life–soul–sensory capacity) is dead." “Soul and Spirit" Gospel Advocate, June 14, 1979.

(1). Nehphesh (soul), When nehphesh is used referring only to animals, it is translated nine different ways in the King James Version.

1). Creature (nehphesh) Genesis 1:21; 1:24; 2:19; 9:10; 2:12; Leviticus 11:46.

2). Thing (nehphesh) Leviticus 11:10. Ezekiel 47:9.

3). Life (nehphesh) Genesis 1:20; 1:30; Leviticus 17:10-14—2 times.

4). The life (nehphesh) Genesis 9:4; Deuteronomy 12:23; Proverbs 12:10.

5). Beast (nehphesh) Leviticus 24:18.

6). Soul (nehphesh) Job 12:10.

7). Breath (nehphesh) Job 41:21.

8). A fish (nehphesh) Isaiah 19:10.

9). Her (nehphesh) Jeremiah 2:24.

(2). Nehphesh (soul), When it is used referring to BOTH to animals and to man, it is translated in three different ways.

1). Creature (nehphesh) Genesis 9:15; 9:16.

2). Life (nehphesh) Leviticus 17:11; 17:14.

3). Soul (nehphesh) Numbers 31:28.

(3). Nehphesh (soul), When it has the animal appetites and desires of Man, when the material nature of a person is being referred to, nehphesh is translated in five different ways.

1). Pleasure (nehphesh) Deuteronomy 23:24.

2). Lust (nehphesh) Psalm 78:18.

3). Appetite (nehphesh) Proverbs 23:2; Ecclesiastes 6:7.

4). Greedy (nehphesh) Isaiah 56:11.

5). Soul (Nehphesh).

Fifteen material–physical things a "soul–person–nehphesh" does.

1). A soul (nehphesh) dried away Numbers 11:6.

2). A soul (nehphesh) can be utterly destroyed Joshua 10:28.

3). A soul (nehphesh) can be saved from physical danger by fleeing (running away from danger) Jeremiah 51:6.

4). A soul (nehphesh) can be kept back from the pit–grave (for a short time) Job 33:18.

5). A soul (nehphesh) can be deliver from death Psalm 33:10.

6). A soul (nehphesh) can longs to eat flesh Deuteronomy 12:20; a soul can be hunger Proverbs 19:15; Proverbs 6:30; a soul can eat Leviticus 7:25.

7). A soul (nehphesh) can lusts Deuteronomy 12:15; 12:21; 14:26. Lusts after Deuteronomy 12:20.

8). A soul (nehphesh) can desires Deuteronomy 14:26; 1 Samuel 2:16. Can desired figs Micah 7:1.

9). A soul (nehphesh) can loathes Deuteronomy 21:5; Proverbs 27:7.

10). A soul (nehphesh) can abhorred Job 33:20; Psalm 107:18.

12). A soul (nehphesh) can breaths 1 Kings 20:32.

13). A soul (nehphesh) can be bought and sold with money Leviticus 22:11; Ezekiel 27:13.

14). A soul (nehphesh) can touch unclean things and be unclean, can touch bodies of dead persons, dead beast, creeping thing, Leviticus 5:2.

15). A soul (nehphesh) can refused to touch Job 6:7.

16). A soul (nehphesh) can be dead, a dead soul can be touched by living persons Numbers 19:11.

A SOUL (PERSON–NEHPHESH) CAN BE HUNGRY

CAN HAVE AN APPETITE, BE THIRSTY, EAT MEAT

"Men do not despise a thief if he steals to satisfy himself (nehphesh–living being) when he is hungry" (Proverbs 6:30). An example of how well the translators hid the fact that this is the same word that they translated soul in other places when they did not want you to see it.

"I will set my face against that soul (nehphesh–living being) that eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people"(Leviticus 17:10).

"And you shall say, I will eat flesh, because your soul (nehphesh–living being) desires to eat flesh; you may eat flesh, after all the desire of your soul (nehphesh–living being)" (Deuteronomy 12:20). An immaterial something eating material flesh!

"And it shall be as when a hungry man dreams and, behold, he eats; but he awakes, and his soul (nehphesh–living being) is empty; or as when a thirsty man dreams, and behold, he drinks; but he awakes, and, behold, he is faint, and his soul (nehphesh–living being) has appetite" (Isaiah 29:8).

SOUL IS THE LIFE, NOT AN IMMORTAL SOMETHING

“You shall not eat flesh with its life (nehphesh–living being)” (Genesis 9:4).

“For the life (nehphesh–living being) of the flesh” (Leviticus 17:11; 17:14).

“Those who seek my life (nehphesh–soul-living being)” (Psalm 38:12).

“For those who sought the Child’s life (psukee) are dead’ (Matthew 2:20).

There are many more passages that show that both nehphesh and psukee are the life of the person or animal, that it is not an immortal something that has it’s own life and lives after the person is dead.

SOULS CAN DIE, SOULS CAN BE DEAD

SOULS CAN BE KILLED, SOULS CAN BE MURDERED

If a soul can die then it cannot be immortal, although this is often hid in many translations, the Bible says over 320 times that a nehphesh (soul). (1) Souls can die. (2) Souls can be killed by man. (3) Or that souls are already dead.

If a soul can die, then whatever "nehphesh" is translated into something that can die. If the many words that "nehphesh" is translated into is something that can die, then a soul cannot be immortal, and a soul can die. To say that "nehphesh" is a soul that is immortal and it cannot die makes the Bible be wrong repeatedly. If a nehphesh is something that is immortal and cannot die, the writers of the Bible did not know it.

(1). Souls (nehpheshs) can die Numbers 23:10, Ezekiel 18:4, 20, Joshua 11:11.

They smote (killed) all the souls (nehphesh)” King James Version.

“And they struck every person (nehpheshs) who was in it with the edge of the sword, utterly destroying them; there was no one left who breathed” New American Standard Bible.

An immortal soul can die or be utterly destroy. NOT ONLY DOES THE BIBLE NOT SAY A SOUL IS IMMORTAL, IT DENIES IT BY SAYING OFTEN THAT A SOUL CAN DIE, CAN BE KILLED, OR A SOUL IS ALREADY DEAD.

(2). Souls (nehpheshs) can be murdered. Deuteronomy 12:23; Numbers 35:11-15.

(3). Souls (nehpheshs) can be killed Leviticus 24:17. An immortal soul can be killed? "Kills any person" (soul-nehphesh) Numbers 35:11; 35:15; 35:30-31.

(4). Souls (nehpheshs) can be smote with the sword and utterly destroyed Joshua 11:11. Can a immortal soul be killed by the sword?

(5). Souls (nehpheshs) can be slain. Can an immortal soul be slain? Deuteronomy 27:25.

(6). Souls (nehpheshs) can be destroyed. Can an immortal soul be destroyed Leviticus 23:30?

(7). Souls (nehpheshs) can be taken away 1 Kings 19:4.

(8). Souls (nehpheshs) can be sought to be killed Jeremiah 44:30.

(9). Souls (nehpheshs) cannot be kept alive. An immortal soul that cannot die, but it cannot be kept alive? Psalm 22:29.

(10). Souls (nehpheshs) have blood and can bleed. "The blood of the souls (nehpheshes) of the poor" Jeremiah 2:34.

A FEW OF THE MANY PASSAGES

IN THE KING JAMES VERSION

THAT HID THE FACT THAT A SOUL CAN AND DOES DIE

(1). “Let us not kill him” (soul–nehphesh). “Let us not take his life” (soul–nehphesh) New American Standard, Genesis 37:21.

(2). "Life (soul–nehphesh) for life (soul–nehphesh).” “Immortal soul for immortal soul?" Exodus 21:23.

(3). "Any dead body (soul–nehphesh)" Leviticus 21:11. Any dead soul? Nehphesh is translated “dead body” thirteen times in the King James Version.

(4). And he that killeth a beast shall make it good beast (soul-nephesh) for beast (soul–nehphesh)” Leviticus 24:17 King James Version, “Life (soul–nehphesh) for life (soul–nehphesh) (soul for soul?)"

(5). “Whosoever is defiled by the dead (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 5:2. Defiled by a dead soul?

(6). “He shall come at no dead body (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 6:6 King James Version. "He shall not go near to a dead person (soul-nehphesh).”

(7). “And he that killeth any man (soul–nehphesh) shall surely be put to death. And he that killeth a beast shall make it good beast (soul–nehphesh) for beast (soul–nehphesh)” (soul for soul?) Leviticus 24:17-18 King James Version. "And if a man takes the life (soul–nehphesh) of any human being." Does anyone believe a person can take the life of an immortal, immaterial, deathless soul?

(8). "Because of a dead person (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 6:11.

(9). "Defiled by the dead body of a man (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 9:6- 7.

(10). "Unclean by reason of a dead body (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 9:10.

(11). "He that toucheth the dead body of any man (soul–nehphesh)” Numbers 19:11. “Whoever touches a human corpse (soul–nehphesh)" (New International Version).

(12). “Whosoever toucheth the dead body (soul–nehphesh) of any man that is dead” Numbers 19:13 King James Version. "Anyone who touches a corpse, the body (soul–nehphesh) of a man who has died.” How could anyone touch the corpse of something that has no substance and cannot die? By today’s definition of soul this says an immaterial deathless something is dead, and this immaterial something is touched by man. Why did they not translate this “soul”? If they had it would have destroyed their pagan belief.

(13). "Whosoever has killed any person (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 31:19.

(14). “Which killeth any person (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 35:11.

(15). "Everyone that kills any person (soul–nehphesh) " Numbers 35:15.

(16). "Whoso kills any person (soul–nehphesh)" Numbers 35:30.

(17). “And slay him (soul–nehphesh)” Deuteronomy 19:6. KJV. "And take his life (soul–nehphesh)."

(18). "And strikes him so that he (soul–nehphesh) dies" Deuteronomy 19:11.

(19). "Life (soul–nehphesh) for life (soul–nehphesh), eye for eye, tooth for tooth” Deuteronomy 19:21.

(20). "A man rises against his neighbor and murders him (soul–nehphesh)" Deuteronomy 22:26.

(21). "Cursed be he who takes a bride to slay an innocent person (soul–nehphesh)" Deuteronomy 27:25.

(22). "And deliver our lives (souls–nehpheshs) from death" Joshua 2:13. Not, “Save our immortal, deathless souls from death.”

(23). "Who kills any person (soul–nehphesh)" Joshua 20:9. Not, “Who kills any immortal soul that cannot be killed.”

(24). "That kills any person (soul–nehphesh)" Joshua 20:3.

(25). "Let me (soul–nehphesh) die" Judges 16:30. Not "Let my soul that cannot die, die anyway?"

(26). "And you lose your life (soul–nehphesh), with the lives (souls–nehpheshs) of your household" Judges 18:25.

(27). "If you do not save your life (soul–nehphesh) tonight" 1 Samuel 19:11.

(28). "The death of all the persons (souls–nehpheshs) of your father's house" 1 Samuel 22:22.

(29). "He that seeks my life (soul–nehphesh) seeks your life (soul–nehphesh)" 1 Samuel 22:23.

(30). "He is seeking my life (soul–nehphesh)" 1 Samuel 20:1.

(31). "David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life (soul–nehphesh)" 1 Samuel 23:15.

(32). "Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him for the life (soul–nehphesh) of his brother whom he slew" 2 Samuel 14:7.

(33). "Who today have saved your life (soul–nehphesh) and the lives (souls–nehpheshs of your sons and daughter, the lives (souls–nehpheshs) of your wives, and the lives (souls–nehpheshs) of your concubines" 2 Samuel 19:5.

(34). "Have you asked for the life (soul–nehphesh) of your enemies" 1 Kings 3:11.

(35). "Prolong my life (soul–nehphesh)" Job 6:11. Not “Prolong the life of an immortal, deathless soul?”

(36). "For himself that he might die, and said, It is enough; now, O Lord, take my life (soul–nehphesh)" 1 Kings 19:4.

(37). "A man that dose violence to the blood of any person (soul–nehphesh) shall flee unto the pit; let no man stay him" Proverbs 28:17. A person has blood; if there were an immaterial soul it would have no blood.

(38). "Ammon has sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah to take your life (soul–nehphesh)...wherefore should he take your life (soul–nehphesh)" Jeremiah 40:14-15.

(39). "By shedding blood and destroying lives (nehpheshs–living beings)" Ezekiel 22:27.

PASSAGES IN THE KING JAMES VERSION THAT CLEARLY

SAYS A SOUL CAN DIE, OR THAT A SOUL ALREADY DEAD

The same word (nehphesh) that many times was translated life or person that will die, or is already dead is also translated into an immortal, deathless soul (nehphesh) that many believe is in a person (nehphesh) unto the person’s (nehphesh) death and they say “it” (nehphesh) is not the person (nehphesh); nevertheless, according to the King James Version, that deathless, immortal soul (nehphesh) will die just as the mortal person (nehphesh) that it (nehphesh) is in will die, or that it (nehphesh) is already dead.

(1). “Whatsoever soul (life–nehphesh) it be that doest any work in the same day, the same soul (life–nehphesh) will I destroy" Leviticus 23:30 King James Version. “That person (nehphesh) will I destroy."

(2). "And they smote all the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that were therein with the edge of the sword, utterly destroying them; there were none left that breathed" Joshua 11:11.

(3). "He utterly destroyed them and all the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that were therein; he left none remaining" Joshua 10:28.

(4). "And he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that were therein; he left none remaining in it" Joshua 10:30.

(5). "And all the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that were therein" Joshua 10:32.

(6). "And all the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that were therein he utterly destroyed that day" Joshua 10:35.

(7). "But he utterly destroyed it, and all the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that were therein” Joshua 10:37.

(8). "And he captured it and its king and all its cities, and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that were therein” Joshua 10:39. Can immortal souls be utterly destroyed with the sword?

(9). "That his soul (person–nehphesh) was vexed to death" Judges 16:16. "Annoyed to death" New American Standard Version. We say, "He worried me to dead."

(10). “Yet thou huntest my soul” (life–nehphesh) 1 Samuel 24:11 KJV. "You are lying in wait for my soul (life–nehphesh) to take it" New KJV, American Standard Version.

(11). "To pursue you and to seek your soul (life–nehphesh) 1 Samuel 25:29. Sometimes nehphesh was translated “seek your soul,” and sometimes the same word was translated “seek your life.” See 12-21 below. Did they think the Hebrew word nehphesh (1) is a mortal person that both can and will die, (2) or an immortal soul that cannot die?

1. “Which sought your life” (nehphesh) 2 Samuel 4:8.

2. “Seeking my life” (nehphesh) 2 Samuel 16:11.

3. “Take away my life” (nehphesh) 1. Kings 19:10.

4. “They seek my life, (nehphesh) to take it away” 1 Kings19:14.

5. “Seek after my soul” (nehphesh) Psalm 35:4.

6. “Seek after my life” (nehphesh) Psalm 38:12.

7. “Seek after my soul” (nehphesh) Psalm 40:14.

8. “Let all those that seek thee” (nehphesh) Psalm 40:16.

9. “To slay thee” (nehphesh) Jeremiah 40:14.

(12). "The blood of the souls (persons–nehpheshs) of the innocent poor" Jeremiah 2:34. Dose an immaterial, invisible soul that is in a person have no substance, but it has blood!

(13). "To slay the souls (persons–nehpheshs) that should not die and to save the souls (persons–nehpheshs) alive that should not live" Ezekiel 13:19. If a soul were something that is immortal and cannot die, this passage is completely nonsense.

(14). “He spared not their soul (nehphesh–life) from death” (Psalms 78:50).

(15). "Like a roaring lion ravening the prey, they have devoured souls (nehpheshs–living beings)" Ezekiel 22:25.

(16) “The soul (nehphesh–life) of every living thing” King James Version (Job 12:10). “In whose hand is the life (nehphesh) of every living thing."

(17). "He did not spare their soul (nehphesh–living being) from death, but gave over their life to the plague, and smote all the firstborn in Egypt" (Psalm 78:50).

(18). "The soul (person–nehphesh) who sins will die" Ezekiel 18:4.

(19). Ezekiel 18:20

1. "The SOUL (person–nehphesh) that sins, IT SHALL DIE" King James Version.

2. "The PERSON (nehphesh) who sins SHALL DIE" New Revised Standard Version.

3. "The PERSON (nehphesh) who sins WILL DIE" New American Standard Version, and New Revised English Bible.

4. “It is the PERSON (nehphesh) who sins that WILL DIE” The Revised English Bible.

5. "The PERSON (nehphesh) who sins is the one who WILL DIE" New Century Version, Holman, and Christian Standard Bible.

6. “It is for a MAN’S (nehphesh) own sins that he WILL DIE” The Living Bible.

7. “The PERSON (nehphesh) who sins will be the one who DIES” New Living Translation.

8. “Only THOSE (persons–nehphesh) who sin will be PUT TO DEATH” Contemporary English Version.

9. “Only THE ONE (person–nehphesh) who sins SHALL DIE” The New American Bible, and Today's New International Version.

10. “The PERSON (nehphesh) who sins WILL DIE” God Word Translation.

11. “PEOPLE (nehphesh) WILL DIE because of their own sins” New International Reader's Version.

Ezekiel 18:20 is a person dying (being put to death) for a sin under the Old Testament Law, but by those who believe there is a soul that will not die when the person it was in dies this passage is almost always changed to be referring to something that cannot die. When this is misapply as it often is, to some immaterial something that is believed to be in a person, this is an undeniable statement that the immortal something that they say cannot die will die, that if there were a soul it would not have everlasting life with torment. This is definitely not what they wanted, but what they made in their attempt to make there be a soul that is immortal. If "soul" means "an immortal something that cannot die," then James said, "Shall save from death an immortal something that cannot die" James 5:20. This theology makes nonsense of the Bible.

The divine sentence, "The soul that sins, it shall die" has been revised to say, "The soul that sins, it shall live eternally in torment." Not only must "die" be changed to "eternal life" but after making the change then torment, which is not in Ezekiel 18:20 must be added to it; changed to “a soul that sins, it shall live forever being eternally torment by God.” To make it teach what many want it to teach, first, God's word must be changed, and then added to.

“Shall die” in Ezekiel 18:4 is in contrast to “shall surely live” in Ezekiel 18:9. It is life or death of a living person under the Law that is being spoken of, not two kinds of life after death; if death is only a separation of soul and body as many teach, what is the death of a soul; how can a soul that is alive but separated from God be dead?

(20). IN OVER 320, over one-third of the about 870 times that nehphesh, the Hebrew word that is translated or mistranslated soul, it is used of souls,

(1). Of souls (nehphesh) that are already dead.

(2). Of souls (nehphesh) that can die, and can be killed.

(3). Of souls (nehphesh) that can be buried.

(4). Of souls (nehphesh) that can be sought to be killed.

(5). Of souls (nehphesh) that can be murdered.

(6). Of souls (nehphesh) that can be delivered from death.

(7). Of souls (nehphesh) that can be smote (killed).

(8). Of souls (nehphesh) that can be affected.

(9). Of souls (nehphesh) that can be cut off.

In most of these passages the translators of the King James and other translations have hidden from the readers that the very thing they believe to be immortal and cannot die, that it can and does die. By picking when they translated nehphesh into soul and picking when to translate "nehphesh" into "life," "person" and many other words; can such hiding have been anything more then a deliberate deceiving because they wanted to teach Plato’s Greek philosophy of a deathless souls in place of the resurrection of dead persons, but even in the King James Version there are many passages which says that souls (nehpheshs) can and do die, or that souls are already dead.

Nehphesh (often mistranslated into the pagan Greek deathless, no substance “soul”) is a physical person or animal, whether they are living or dead.

SOULS CAN BE KILLED BY OTHERS

(1). "We feared greatly for our soul (nehphesh–life, living being) because of you” (Joshua 9:24). They feared for their life, not for a deathless being that was in them.

(2). "All the men who were seeking your soul (nehphesh–life) are dead” (Exodus 4:19).

(3). “Saul had come out to seek his life (nehphesh–life, living being) while David was in the wilderness” (1 Samuel 23:15).

(4). They had to flee to save their souls (nehpheshs–lives, living beings) (2 King 7:7), their lives (nehphesh–living being) would be utterly destroyed "with the edge of the sword" or other weapons (Joshua 10:27; 10:30; 10:32; 10:35, 10:37; 10:39).

(5). “And deliver our lives (nehpheshs–living beings) from death” (Joshua 2:13).

SOULS CAN DIE FOR LACK OF FOOD

Not only could souls (nehpheshs–living beings) be killed by their enemies, but souls (nehpheshs–living beings) could also die for lack of food (Lamentations 1:11; Numbers 11:6).

SOULS CAN EAT FOOD

Leviticus 7:18; 7:20; 7:25; 7:27; also, Genesis 9:4; 9:5; 12:13; 17:14; 19:17; 19:19; 19:20; 32:30; 32:31; 35:18; 37:21; Exodus 21:23; 30:12; 30:15; 31:14; Leviticus 7:21; 17:11; 17:12; 17:14; 19:8; 21:1; 21:11; 22:3; 24:17; 24:18; Numbers 5:2; 6:6; 9:6; 9:7; 9:10; 9:18; 19:11; 19:13; 19:20; 23:10; 31:19; 35:11; 35:15; 35:30; 35:31; Deuteronomy 12:23; Joshua 11:11; 20:3; 20:9; Judges 5:28; 12:3; 16:16; 18:25; Ruth 4:15; 1 Samuel 1:19; 1:20; 1:23; 23:15; 23:20; 25:29; 28:9; 28:21; 2 Samuel 4:8; 14:7; 16:11; 19:5; 19:6; 1 Kings 1:12; 1:29; 3:11; 17:21; 17:22; 19:10; 19:14; 20:32; 2 Kings 1:13; 19:24; 1 Chronicles 11:19; 2 Chronicles 11:11; Esther 7:7; Job 13:14; 30:16; 33:18; 33:22; 36:14; Psalm 7:2; 17:13; 22:20; 22:21; 22:29; 22:30; 31:13; 33:19; 35:4; 35:17; 38:12; 38:13; 70:2; 70:3; 71:10; Proverbs 1:19; 7:23; 12:10; 13:3; 23:14; Isaiah 10:18; 43:4; Jeremiah 2:34; 4:30; 34:20-21; 38:2; 38:16; 39:18; 40:15; 44:30; 45:5; 49:37; Ezekiel 17:17; 18:4; 18:20; 18:27; 22:25; 22:27; Jonah 4:3; 4:6.

Summary - The "nehphesh (soul)" of the Old Testament is an earthly being, man, animal, or sea creature; souls (nehpheshs) can be either living souls or dead souls (dead persons or animals). The "nehphesh (soul)" can die, it can be dead, souls can be killed, souls can be sought to kill, souls can be smote, souls can die from a lack of food or water, souls can be cut off, souls can be murdered, souls can be delivered from death, souls can be born, souls can live, souls can sorrow, souls can eat, souls can drink water, souls can desire, souls can be discontented, souls can be grieved, souls can be bound with a bond, souls can be affected, souls loathes, souls can lust, souls can have anguish, etc. Not one of the about 870 times that nehphesh is used it does not have reference to an invisible, immaterial something in a person that has no substance and cannot die. Nehphesh in the Old Testament and psukee in the New Testament are together used about 967 times with over one-third being associated with the death of a soul (person). Some (nehpheshs–souls) are dead. Some souls are dying. Some souls are in fear of death. Some souls have those who are trying to kill them. Some souls are saved from death, etc. On the other hand, in the 976 times soul is used, not one time is a soul (nehphesh) said to be deathless or immortal.

In about thirty-two passages souls (nehpheshs) are spoken of as being killed by man “And he that kills any man (nehphesh) shall surely be put to death. And he that kills a beast (nehphesh) shall make it good; beast (nehphesh) for beast (nehphesh)” Leviticus 24:17-18. In this passage hehphesh is used four times in the Hebrew, but because of the bias of the translators not one time is it translated soul in the King James Version. They tranlsated nehphesh into both man and beast to deliberately hide from their readers that animals are souls (nehpheshs) just the same as men, that both are living beings that can and do die. (See Joshua 10:28; 30; 32; 35; 37; 39; Deuteronomy 27:25; Leviticus 24:17-18).

THE WAY THE FOUR TIMES NEHPHESH

IS TRANSLATED IN LEVITICUS 24:17-18

As it is in the Hebrew

“And he that kills any NEHPHESH shall surely be put to death. And he that kills a NEHPHESH shall make it good; NEHPHESH for NEHPHESH.”

As it is in the King James Version

“And he that kills any MAN shall surely be put to death. And he that kills a BEAST shall make it good; BEAST for BEAST.”

As it is in the New American Standard Bible

“And if a man takes the LIFE of any human being, he shall surely be put to death. And the one who takes the LIFE of an animal shall make it good, LIFE for LIFE.”

In about thirteen passages souls (nehpheshs) of men are said to be actually dead (see Numbers 6:6; Leviticus 21:11). In many of these passages, the King James Version and others translated nehphesh as life or body; and the English reader cannot see that animals are “souls” (are living beings), and that man kills “souls” of both men and animals, and sometimes “souls” are actually dead. Under the Law anyone that touched a dead body (a dead nehphesh) was unclean. “Dead body” (nehphesh) Leviticus 21:11 “Dead body” (nehphesh) Numbers 6:6. Corpses are dead souls, and anyone (any living souls-persons) who came in contact with a dead soul (corpses, dead body) was unclean.

This clearly shows that the meaning of the Hebrew word nehphesh is something that is not immortal, and that it can die, or that it can be already dead, and that it can be touched when it is dead. There is no other word in the Bible that could be translated into Plato's immortal soul; therefore, the translators had to use this word and hide, the best they could, the fact that a nehphesh can and does die.

Of the hundreds of times Nehphesh is used in the Old Testament only five are used in the same passage as sheol. Of these five in the Kings James Version sheol is translated Hell three times (Psalm 16:10; 86:13; Proverbs 23:14). The other two they had to translate it grave (Psalm 30:3; 89:48).

In most translations nehphesh is sometimes translated to be immortal, sometime as mortal, often in the same passages. How could it be known when the same word even it is in the same passage when it is something that is mortal and when it is something that is immortal? The only answer is that the translators were trying to put Plato’s immortal soul in the Bible by mistranslating when they could, but many times found nehphesh would not make sense if translated into something immortal and deathless.

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The Companion Bible, Appendix 13 says nehphesh (life–soul) is used

(1). Of the lower animals (nehpheshs–souls) in 22 passages.

(2). Of the lower animals and man (nehpheshs–souls) in 7 passages.

(3). Of man (nehphesh–soul) as an individual person in 53 passages.

(4). Of man (nehphesh–soul) as exercising certain powers or performing certain acts in 96 passages.

(5). Of man (nehphesh–soul) as possessing animal appetites and desires in 92 passages.

(6). Of man (nehphesh–soul) as exercising mental faculties and manifesting certain feelings, affection and passions in 231 passages.

(7). Of man (nehphesh–soul) being cut off by God and as being killed or slain by man in 54 passages.

(8). Of man (nehphesh–soul) as being mortal, subject to death of various kinds, from which it can be saved and delivered and life prolonged in 243 passages.

(9). Of man (nehphesh–soul) as actually dead in 13 passages.

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Just one of the many examples of the absurdity of the translations of nehphesh in the King James Version with the meaning of "soul" as it is used today, an invisible, no substance something that is in a person that no one has ever seen, that no one can see this immortal something that cannot be seen. "For mine enemies speak against me; and they that lay wait for my soul (nehphesh) take counsel together" (Psalm 71:10). How could anyone lay in wait (ambush) for an undying invisible something that is now in a person that no one can see? How could anyone kill something that cannot die even if they could see it?

"Deliver my soul" (nehphesh) Psalm 17:13 in today's English it would be "Save my life" (nehphesh).

(1). "They also that seek after my life" (soul–nehphesh) Psalm 38:12. "That seeks after my soul" (nehphesh) Psalm 40:14. Both soul and life are from the same word (nehphesh). Why were the translators so inconsistent; life and soul, according to the theology they believed, are two completely different things, yet they translated both from the same Hebrew word many times.

(2). "They smote all the souls (nehpheshs)" Joshua 11:11 in today's English it would be, "They killed all the people." "Whosoever kills any person" (soul–nehphesh) Joshua 20:9. Again, both soul and person are translated from the same Hebrew word; they could smite (kill) all the persons, but to smite (kill) all the deathless souls would be completely impossible, but the King James Version says they did the impossible.

(3). "They that lay wait for my soul" (nehphesh) in today's English it would be, "They that are waiting in ambush for my life" Psalm 70:10.

Many more times "soul" (nehphesh) would only make sense if translated "life." To apply today's meaning, "An undying invisible something that is now in a person" makes many passages be total nonsense. Today's meaning of "soul" is very different from the meaning of nehphesh in Biblical times, which makes "soul" be a mistranslation every time they changed nehphesh to soul. When anyone reads the Bible, and reads "soul," and knows only what the word "soul" means today, they cannot understand what God said. Many English translations use "soul" and "person" interchangeable. The Revised Standard used "person" frequently where the King James used "soul." The problem is that most English readers would not know that when the translators said a "person" died, that the translators are hiding the fact that in many places “person” (nehphesh) that cannot keep from dying is the same word that they translated “soul,” something that they believed cannot die. Why did some translators do this? Was it because they believed an immortal "soul" cannot die, but a person can die? If a “soul” (nehphesh) dies, it would not be immortal; therefore, they were forced to use “person” or "life" in many places to hide the fact from you that a nehphesh can die. The truth is that they were trying to put "soul" with today's meaning in the Bible despite the fact that it is not there. If they had been consistent in translating, they would not have been able to add the doctrine of an undying soul in the Bible.

"The Lord of hosts has sworn by Himself (soul–nehphesh)" (Jeremiah 51:14). By His own being or person. God "could swear by no one greater, He swore by Himself (psukee–soul)" (Hebrews 6:13). Not even the King James translators wanted God to have an invisible something in Him that would live after He was dead. God's nehphesh and man's nehphesh are their being, person, not an invisible something that is not in a person or in God.

All the Old Testament words, which are translated life, spirit, breath, or soul, are all used referring to both persons and animals. Every word that is used to prove a person has an immortal soul or an immortal spirit would also prove all breathing creatures have an immortal soul or an immortal spirit if they proved a person does.

(1) NEHPHESH, SOUL–LIFE–LIVING BEING is used to describe all living beings. (1) Animal, birds, reptiles, and insects have this same nehphesh (soul–life) that a person has. Sea creatures, birds (Genesis 1:20), every living creature that moves in water or on land are living souls (Genesis 1:21). Every beast, bird, and insect is a nehphesh, are living beings.

(2)"Man became a living being" Genesis 2:7. See Genesis 2:19; 9:4; 9:10; 9:12; 9:15-16.

(2) NSHAHMAH–BREATH is also used to describe all living being/breath of life; all living things that breathes (Used 24 times in the Hebrew Old Testament).

(1) Nshahmah used to describe man, "Breathed into his nostrils the BREATH of life" Genesis 2:7; 1 Kings 17:17; Job 27:3.

(2) Nshahmah used to describe man and animals, both man and animals have the same nshahmah (breath of life–spirit).

1."All in whose nostrils was the BREATH (nshahmah) of the spirit of life, of all that was on the dry land, died" Genesis 7:22. All living being, man, and animals died.

2. "But of the cities of these peoples, that Jehovah your God gives you for an inheritance, you shall save alive nothing that BREATHS (nshahmah)" Deuteronomy 20:16. All living being, both man and animals that breathed.

3. "So Joshua smote all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings, he left none remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that BREATHED (nshahmah)" Joshua 10:40. All living being, both man and animals that had life, that breathed (nshahmah) were killed.

4. "And they smote all the souls (nehpheshs) that were therein with the edge of the sword, utterly destroying them; there were none left that BREATHED (nshahmah)" Joshua 11:11. All living being, both man and animals that breathed were killed.

5. Also Joshua 11:14; 1 Kings 15:29; Job 34:14; Psalm 150:6.

NSHAHMAH is used 24 times in the Old Testament.

Not one of the 24 says anything about anything that is immortal.

Nshahmah as it is translated in the New International Version.

1. Genesis 2:7, “Breathed into his nostrils the breath (nshahmah) of life.”

2. Genesis 7:22, “Everything on dry land that had the breath of life (nshahmah) in its nostrils died.”

3. Deuteronomy 20:16, “Do not leave alive anything that that breathes (nshahmah).”

4. Joshua 10:40, “He totally destroyed all who breathed (nshahmah).”

5. Joshua 11:11, “They totally destroyed them, not sparing anything that breathed (nshahmah).”

6. Joshua 11:14, “But all the people they put to the sword until they completely destroyed them, not sparing anyone that breathed (nshahmah).”

7. 2 Samuel 22:16, “At the blast of breath (nshahmah) from his nostrils.”

8. 1 Kings 15:29 “He did not leave Jeroboam anyone that breathed (nshahmah), but destroyed them all.”

9. 1 Kings 17:17, “He grew worse and worse, and finally stopped breathing (nshahmah).”

10. Job 4:9, (Hebrew dualism in Job–the same thing said in two different ways).

“At the breath (ruach) of God they are destroyed:

At the blast (nshahmah) of his anger they perish.”

11. Job 26:4

“Who has helped you utter these words?

And whose spirit (nshahmah) spoke from your mouth?”

12. Job 27:3

“As long as I have life (ruach) within me,

The breath (nshahmah) of God in my nostrils.”

13. Job 32:8

“But it is the spirit (ruach) in a man,

The breath (nshahmah) of the Almighty.”

14. Job 33:4

“The Spirit (ruach) of God made me;

The breath (nshahmah) of the Almighty gives me life.”

15. Job 34:14-15 “If it was his intention and he withdrew his spirit (ruach) and breath” (nshahmah).

“All mankind would perish together,

And man would return to the dust.”

16. Job 37:10

“The tempest comes out from its chamber, the cold from the driving winds. The

breath (nshahmah) of God produces ice, and the broad waters become frozen.”

17. Psalm 18:15, “O Lord, at the blast (nshahmah) of breath from your nostrils.”

18. Psalm 150:6, “Let everything that has breath (nshahmah) praise the Lord.”

19. Proverbs 20:27, “The lamp of the Lord searches the spirit (nshahmah) of a man; it searches out his inmost being.”

20. Isaiah 2:22, “Stop trusting in man, who has but a breath (nshahmah) in his nostrils.”

21. Isaiah 30:33, “The breath (nshahmah) of the Lord, like a stream of burning sulfur, sets it ablaze.”

22. Isaiah 42:5, “Who gives breath (nshahmah) to its people, and life to those who walk on it.”

23. Isaiah 57:16, “The breath (nshahmah) of man that I have created.” “Spirit of man” in King James Version.

24. Daniel 10:17, “My strength is gone and I can hardly breathe (nshahmah).”

Of the twenty-four times nshahmah is in the Hebrew, it is translated soul only one time in the King James Version, (Isaiah 57:16); none in New American Standard Version, New International Version, many others. Nahahmah is the breath of life that comes from God in both mankind and animals; it is not an immortal soul.

(3) Ruach/spirit–breath, is used of,

1. God (Exodus 15:8; 2 Samuel 22:16; Isaiah 4:4)

2. Spirit of the Lord (Zephaniah 4:6)

3. Heavenly being (Psalm 104:4)

4. All flesh, birds, cattle, beasts, and every creeping thing–all have the same spirit (ruach) as man (Genesis 7:22).

5. Man and beasts, "I am bringing the flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which is the BREATH (ruach) of life, from under heaven; everything that is on the earth shall perish" (Genesis 6:17). Also Ecclesiastes 3:19

6. Man (Ecclesiastes 12:5-7; Psalm 104:29) See Genesis 6:17; 7:15; 54:27; Job 4:9. It is not unto the sixth chapter of Genesis that “ruach” is first used referring to mankind (Genesis 6:17), and then is translated “breath of life.” When the ruach (breath of life) leaves the body of both man and beasts then both are dead, (Psalm 104:29-30).

Both ruach and nshahmah have very near if not the same meaning.

“All in whose nostrils was the breath (nshahmah) of the spirit of life, died” (Genesis 7:22).

"To destroy all flesh in which is the breath (ruach) of life" (Genesis 6:17).

Both ruach and nshahmah are used in Hebrew dualism in Job three times as two ways of saying the same thing (Job 4:9; 27:3; 32:8).

1. Job 4:9

a. “By the breath (ruach) of God they perish,

b. And by the blast (nshahmah) of His anger they come to an end”

2. Job 27:3

a. “All the while my breath (nshahmah) is in me,

b. And the spirit (ruach) of God is in my nostrils.”

3. Job 32:8

a. “But it is a spirit (ruach) in man,

b. And the breath (nshahmah) of the Almighty gives them understanding.”

The above is an example of the many times ruach and nshahmah seem to be used interchangeable; they are both the breath, both are the life of a living being (both of man and beast). Nshahmah is limited to the air or breath of the mouth of any breathing being; ruach also means any breathing being, but has a much broader use in that it is also used of wind and any air movement. Neither the breath (nshahmah) of a person, or the breath (ruach) of a person is not an immortal entity added to the person that has life in itself apart from the life of the person any more then the breath (nshahmah) of God, or the breath (ruach) of God is an entity that has life in itself apart from God.

RUACH IS TRANSLATED SIXTEEN DIFFERENT WAYS IN THE KING JAMES VERSION. Of about 389 times ruach is used in the Old Testament it is translated wind about 90 times, breath 28 times, blast 4 times, air, windy, tempest, whirlwind, and tempest. Both ruach and nshahmah are basically translated with the same words, both have something to do with the breath or air without which there would be no life; in Genesis 2:7 it was when God breathed into Adam’s nostrils the breath of life (nshahmah) that Adam became a living being. Nshahmah is clearly the breath that give life to Adam, not another living being that was put in Adam.

There is no suggestion in any one of the many times ruach is used referring both to mankind and to animals that ruach is an immaterial, immortal something that has it’s own life and will live after the death of the person or animal that it is in.

(1) Ruach translated BREATH of man and beast (ruach–spirit).

1. “All in whose nostrils was the BREATH (ruach) of life” (Genesis 6:17; 7:15).

2. "By the BREATH (ruach) of his mouth" (Genesis 6:17; Psalm 104:29; Job 15:30).

3. "By the BREATH (ruach) of his mouth" (Job 15:30).

4. "All in whose nostrils was the BREATH (ruach) of life" (Genesis 7:22).

5. "To destroy all flesh in which is the BREATH (ruach) of life” (Genesis 6:17).

6. "So they went into the ark to Noah, by twos of all flesh in which was the BREATH (ruach) of life" (Genesis 7:15).

7. "No BREATH (ruach) in them" (Jeremiah 10:14). Why not, "No SPIRIT (ruach) in them" or "Takes away their SPIRIT (ruach)" (Psalm 104:29)? How did the translators know when the same word was wind, breath, spirit, blast, air, mind, courage, cool, or anger? In English the meaning of some of these words are not even close to being the same; how are those who read their translation to know that these are all translated from the same word in the Hebrew? Idols are described as not having breath (ruach) (Habakkuk 2:19) which means idols have no life just as a person without breath has no life.

8. "Every goldsmith...his molten images are deceitful, and there is no BREATH (ruach) in them" (Jeremiah 51:17).

9. "Takes away their BREATH (ruach), they expire, and return to their dust" (Psalm 104:29).

10. “There is no advantage for man over beast” (Ecclesiastes 3:19).

(2) Ruach translated WIND (ruach)

1. "God made a WIND (ruach) to pass over" (Genesis 8:1).

2. "Like the chaff, which the WIND (ruach) drives" (Psalm 1:4).

3. "You did blow with your WIND (ruach)" (Exodus 15:10).

4. "Clouds and WIND (ruach) without rain" (Proverbs 25:14).

5. "My escape from the WINDY (ruach) storm" (Psalm 55:8).

6. "A destroying WIND (ruach)" (Jeremiah 51:1).

7. "A strong WIND (ruach)" (Job 8:2).

8. "You shall scatter in the WIND (ruach)" (Ezekiel 5:2).

9. "An east WIND (ruach)" (Exodus 10:13).

10. "A mighty strong west WIND (ruach)" (Exodus 10:19).

11. Also Psalm 1:4 and Exodus 15:10.

(3) Ruach translated BLAST. “And at the BLAST (ruach)" of Thy (God’s) nostrils (a blast of air) the waters were piled up” (Exodus 15:8). Also 2 Samuel 22:6.

(4) Ruach translated WINDY “My escape from the WINDY (ruach) storm” (Psalm 55:8).

(5) Ruach translated WHIRLWIND “A WHIRLWIND (ruach) came out of the north" (Ezekiel 1:4).

(6) Ruach translated TEMPEST “An horrible TEMPEST (ruach)" (Psalm 11:6).

(7) Ruach translated AIR "That no AIR (ruach) can come between them" (Job 41:16; 41:8).

(8) Ruach translated MIND "A grief of MIND (ruach)” (Genesis 26:35; Proverbs 29:11).

(9) Ruach translated COURAGE "Neither did there remain any more COURAGE (ruach) in them" (Joshua 5:1).

(10) Ruach translated COOL "Walking in the garden in the COOL (ruach) of the day" (Genesis 3:8).

(11) Ruach translated ANGER "Their ANGER (ruach) was abated" (Judges 8:3).

(12) Ruach translated SIDE (Jeremiah 52:23; Ezekiel 42:16; 42:17; 42:18; 42:19; “side wind” in footnote).

(13) Ruach translated QUARTERS (ruach) (1 Chronicles 9:24).

(14) Ruach translated SPIRITUAL (ruach) (Hosea 9:7).

(15) Ruach translated VAIN (ruach) (Job 15:2; 16:3).

(16) Ruach translated SPIRIT (ruach) (Job 27:3).

An example of how other translations differ on the sixteen different ways (above) ruach is translated in the King James Version.

| King |New | New Revised | The |

7 Job 41:16 | air | air | air | air |

Why was the same word translated “By the BREATH (ruach) of his mouth” (Job 15:30), and then translated “And the SPIRIT (ruach) of God in my nostrils” (Job 27:3)? Many of the sixteen different ways ruach is translated have nothing in common; the sixteen different translations are not even close to being the same; yet they are the same word in the Hebrew. There is no way that ruach could have had all these meaning.

Were they saying God has an “immaterial invisible” (E. W. Vine) something in Him that can exist after His death, as we are told that mankind has? There is no possible way that the translators could have known.

1. When (ruach) was breath of any mortal being.

2. And when the same word should be changed to be an immortal deathless something that does not breathe air.

The two meaning are nothing alike. “You take away their breath (ruach), they die, and return to their dust. You send forth your spirit (ruach), they are created, and you renew the face of the earth” (Psalm 105:29-30).

1. When God take away ruach (breath) they die.

2. When God sends ruach (breath), they live.

The spirit as it is used today cannot die; therefore, this word (ruach) could not be translated spirit, but when the earth is renewed by new life, the translators changed this new life from breath to spirit (ruach).

(1). AMPLIFIED BIBLE, “When You hide Your face, they are troubled and dismayed; when You take away their breath (ruach), they die and return to their dust. When You send forth Your Spirit and give them breath (ruach), they are created, and You replenish the face of the ground.”

(2). COMMON ENGLISH BIBLE, “But when you hide your face, they are terrified; when you take away their breath (ruach), they die and return to dust. When you let loose your breath (ruach), they are created, and you make the surface of the ground brand-new again.”

(3), NEW CENTURY VERSION, “When you turn away from them, they become frightened. When you take away their breath (ruach), they die and turn to dust. When you breathe (ruach) on them, they are created, and you make the land new again.”

(4). HOLMAN CHRISTIAN STANDARD BIBLE, “When You hide Your face, they are terrified; when You take away their breath (ruach), they die and return to the dust. When You send Your breath (ruach), they are created, and You renew the face of the earth.”

Does the number of times “ruach” is translated “spirit” in the difference translations show the scholars that translated them were easing away from the King James Version?

“Spirit” 236 times in King James Version

“Spirit” 221 times in New American Standard Bible

“Spirit” 193 times in New International Version

“Spirit” 167 times in New Living Translation

“Spirit” 131 times in The Message

“Spirit” 79 times in Contemporary English Version

1. “And the SPIRIT (ruach) of God in my nostrils” (Job 27:3)

2. "SPIRIT (ruach) of God" (Genesis 1:2)

3. "And the SPIRIT (ruach) shall return unto God" (Ecclesiastes 12:7)

4. "And the SPIRIT (ruach) of the beast that goes downward” (Ecclesiastes 3:21)

SPIRIT (ruach) in passages that has reference to attitude, behavior, thinking, disposition, mood, or temperament. As “A happy disposition,” “good attitude” or “bad mood.” None of these passages are speaking of an immortal, no substance something that has it own life that it will live even after the person it is in is dead; the teaching of Plato says a soul will live without a resurrection, that a soul will live freed from the person it was trapped in.

1. "A lying SPIRIT (ruach)" (1 Kings 22:23)

2. "The SPIRIT (ruach) of jealousy came" (Genesis 1:2; 41:8, Numbers 5:14; 5:30)

3. “The SPIRIT (ruach) of heaviness” (Isaiah 61:3)

4. "The SPIRIT (ruach) of jealousy came" (Numbers 5:30)

5. "Because he had another SPIRIT (ruach)" (Numbers 14:24)

6. "The SPIRIT (ruach) entered into me" (Ezekiel 2:2; 3:24)

7. “Neither was there SPIRIT (ruach) in them” (Joshua 5:1). No soul in them?

8. "And a new SPIRIT (ruach) will I put within you" (Ezekiel 36:26). A new soul put in them?

9. "God hardened his SPIRIT (ruach)" (Deuteronomy 2:30)

10. "Anguish of SPIRIT (ruach)" (Exodus 6:9)

11. "SPIRIT (ruach) of wisdom" (Exodus 28:3)

12. "Joshua...was filled with the SPIRIT (ruach) of wisdom” (Deuteronomy 34:9)

13. "Sorrowful SPIRIT (ruach)" (2 Samuel 1:15)

14. "Why is your SPIRIT (ruach) so sad" (1 Kings 21:5)

15. "SPIRIT (ruach) was troubled" (Genesis 41:8)

16. "The sacrifices of God are a broken SPIRIT (ruach)" (Psalm 51:7)

17. "Hasty of SPIRIT (ruach)" (Proverbs 14.29)

18. “By sorrow of the heart the SPIRIT (ruach) is broken” (Proverbs 15:13)

19. "An haughty SPIRIT (ruach)" (Proverbs 16:18)

20. "An humble SPIRIT (Proverbs 16:19)

W. E. Vine, “Vine’s Complete Expository Dictionary,” pages 240–241 gives nine ways spirit–ruach is used in the Old Testament.

(1). First, this word means “breath.”

(2). Second, this word can be used with emphasis on the invisible, intangible, fleeting quality of air.

(3). Third, ruach can mean, “wind.”

(4). Fourth, the wind represents direction.

(5). Fifth, ruach frequently represents the element of life in a man, his natural “spirit”, “And all flesh died that moved upon the earth…All in whose nostrils was the breath of life.” (Gen. 7:21–22). In these verses the animals have “spirit” (cf. Ps. 104:29).

(6). Sixth, ruach is often used of

1. A man’s mind–set, disposition, or “temper”, “’Blessed is the man unto whom the Lord imputeth not iniquity, and in whose spirit (ruach) there is no guile’ (Ps. 32:2). In Ezek. 13:3 the word is used of one’s mind or thinking, ‘Woe unto the foolish prophets, that follow their own spirit (ruach), and have seen nothing’” (cf. Prov. 29:11).

2. Ruach can represent particular dispositions, as it does in Josh. 2:11, “And as soon as we had heard this things, our hearts did melt, neither did there remain any more courage (ruach–spirit in King James) in any man, because of you…” (cf. Josh. 5:1; Job 15:12).

Another disposition represented by this word is “temper”, “If the spirit (temper) of the ruler rise up against thee, leave not thy place…” (Eccl. 10:4). David prayed that God would “restore unto me the joy of thy salvation; and uphold me with the free Spirit” (Ps. 51:12). In this verse “joy of salvation” and “free Spirit” are parallel and; therefore, synonymous terms. Therefore, “spirit” refers to one’s inner disposition, just as “joy” refers to an inner emotion.

(7). Seventh, the Bible often speaks of God’s “Spirit.”

(8). Eight, angels in heaven are sometimes called “spirits.”

(9). Nine, the “spirit” may also be used of that which enables a man to do a particular job of that which represents the essence of a quality of man.

Just as in the New Testament, when spirit is used in reference to a person, it is the disposition of the persons mind or thinking.

Why did the translators translate the word "ruach" into "spirit" in one place, and "blast" or "wind" in others? The meaning of "spirit" as it was used in 1611 and as it is used today, an immortality no substance something in a person is not a thirty-first cousin to “wind” or “breath,” etc., yet the translators, at will, translated the same word into many words, into many things that have meaning that are worlds apart. If the same word has many completely different meanings:

(1). One meaning that had reference to the mortal person or animal.

(2). And another meaning of the same word that would have had reference to a immortal living being that is in a person unto the death of the person that animals do not have.

“Ruach,” is it mortal or immortal? If ruach is the immortal something that is in a person, then how could ruach also be something that is in both a person and in an animal that is mortal? Then how could the Hebrew people know when it was speaking of a mortal person, or when it was actual speaking of something in the person that is immortal; how could they know that when the same word was speaking of an animal that it was speaking of something in the animal that was not immortal? How could the translators know? They could not. The translators had to put their theology into the Bible, even if they could not be consistent. How could anyone read the Kings James Version and know that anger, cool, courage, air, mind, breath, wind, blast, and spirit are the same thing? Most English reader today would not know that "wind" and "spirit" are indiscriminately translated both from the same word, and that almost without exception today's reader would understand "spirit" to be an immortal soul, but would never understand "wind" to be an immortal soul. Those who do not read Hebrew are misled by such indiscriminately translations.

Summary - Nehphesh, nshahmah, and ruach are something that both a person and an animal have in common, and all three are something that can and does die. Both an animal and a man are a soul, a living being of this earth. Animals or people do not have a soul, do not have a pagan immortal something imprisoned in them that cannot die, something that when is freed it will live after the death of the animal or person it was in.

How nehphesh and psukee are translated in seven different versions.

| K.J.V. | N.K.J.V. | N.A.S.V. | R.S.V. |

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| N.R.S.V. | N.I.V. |Robert Young|

Gen. 1:20 | creatures | creatures | creature |

Gen. 2:7 | living being| living being |living being-creature|

Gen. 9:5 | life | life | life |

Mt 16:25-26| life 4 times| life & soul | soul |

Acts 3:23 | everyone | anyone | soul |

1 Cor15:45 | living being| living being | creature |

1 Pet 3:20 | persons | people | soul |

Rev. 16:3 | living thing| living thing | soul |

PSUKEE IN NEW TESTAMENT

Of the 105 times psukee is used in the Greek

(1) It is translated “soul” in the King James only 58 times.

(2) It is translated “soul” in the New Revised Standard only 33 times.

(3) It is translated “soul” in the American Standard only 56 times.

(4) It is translated “soul” in the New International (2011) only 24 times.

A bird's eye view (below) of the way psukee is translated all 105 times it is used in the New Testament in four versions shows that a psukee is a living being, not an immortal no substance something. The translators wanted to put their immortal soul in the Bible, but they had a problem for if they had uniformly translated psukee into "soul," in some passages their immortal soul would have been subject to death and in other passages it would be dead.

| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)

Matthew 2:20 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Matthew 6:25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Matthew 10:28 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Matthew 10:39 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Matthew 11:29 | souls | souls | souls | souls

Matthew 12:28 | soul | soul | soul | I

Matthew 16:25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Matthew 16:26 | soul | LIFE | LIFE | soul

Matthew 20:28 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Matthew 22:37 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Matthew 26:38 | soul | I | soul | soul

Mark 3:4 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Mark 8:35 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Mark 8:36 | soul | LIFE | LIFE | soul

Mark 8:37 | soul | LIFE | LIFE | soul

Mark 10:45 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Mark 12:30 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Mark 12:33 | soul | HEART | HEART | HEART

Mark 14:34 | soul | I | soul | soul

Luke 1:46 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Luke 2:35 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Luke 6:9 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Luke 9:24 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Luke 9:56 | LIVES | | | LIFE

Luke 10:27 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Luke 12:19 | soul | soul | soul | MYSELF

Luke 12:19 | soul | soul | soul | LIFE

Luke 12:20 | soul | LIFE | soul | LIFE

Luke 12:22 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Luke 12:23 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Luke 14:26 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Luke 17:33 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Luke 21:19 | soul | souls | souls | YOURSELVES

John 10:11 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

John 10:15 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

John 10:17 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

John 10:24 | US | US | US | US

John 12:25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

John 12"25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

John 12:27 | soul | soul | soul | HEART

John 13:37 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

John 13:38 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

John 15:13 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Acts 2:27 | soul | soul | soul | ME

Acts 2:31 | soul | FLESH | FLESH | BODY

Acts 2:41 | souls | PERSONS | souls | .

Acts 2:43 | soul | EVERYONE| soul | EVERYONE

Acts 3:23 | soul | EVERYONE| soul | ANYONE

Acts 4:32 | soul | soul | soul | MIND

Acts 7:14 | souls | ALL | souls | ALL

Acts 14:2 | MINDS | MINDS | souls | MINDS

Acts 14:22 | souls | souls | souls | DISCIPLES

Acts 15:24 | souls | MINDS | souls | MINDS

Acts 15:26 | LIVES | LIVES | LIVES | LIVES

Acts 20:10 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | ALIVE

Acts 20:24 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Acts 27:10 | LIVES | LIVES | LIVES | LIVES

Acts 27:22 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | YOU

Acts 27:37 | souls | PERSONS | souls | US

Romans 2:9 | soul | EVERYONE| soul | BEING

Romans 11:3 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | ME

Romans 13:1 | soul | PERSON | soul | EVERYONE

Romans 16:4 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIVES

1 Cor. 15:45 | soul | BEING | soul | BEING

2 Cor. 1:23 | soul | ME | soul | .

2 Cor. 12:15 | YOU | YOU | souls | YOU

Ephesians 6:6 | HEART | HEAT | HEART | HEART

Philippians 1:27| MIND | MIND | soul | MEN

Philippians 2:30| LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Colossians 3:23 |HEARTILY|YOURSELVES|HEARTILY|HEART

1 Thess. 2:8 | souls | SELVES | souls | LIVES

1 Thess. 5:23 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Hebrews 4 12 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Hebrews 6:19 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Hebrews 10:38 | soul | soul | soul | I

Hebrews 10:39 | soul | SAVED | soul | SAVED

Hebrews 12:3 | MINDS | HEART | souls | HEART

Hebrews 13:17 | souls | souls | souls | YOU

James 1:21 | souls | souls | souls | YOU

James 5:20 | soul | soul | soul | HIM

1 Peter 1:9 | souls | souls | souls | souls

1 Peter 1:22 | souls | souls | souls | YOURSELVES

1 Peter 2:11 | soul | soul | soul | soul

1 Peter 2:25 | souls | souls | souls | souls

1 Peter 3:20 | souls | PERSONS | souls | PEOPLE

1 Peter 4:19 | souls |THEMSELVES |souls | THEMSELVES

2 Peter 2:8 | soul | soul | soul | soul

2 Peter 2:14 | souls | souls | souls | UNSTABLE

1 John 3:16 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

1 John 3:16 | LIVES | LIVES | LIVES | LIVES

3 John 2 | soul | soul | soul | soul

Revelation 6:9 | souls | souls | souls | souls

Revelation 8:9 | LIFE |CREATURES| LIFE | CREATURES

Revelation 12:11| LIVES | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE

Revelation 16:3 | soul | THING | soul | THING

Revelation 18:13| souls |HUMAN LIVES |souls| HUMAN BEINGS

Revelation 18:14| soul | soul | soul | YOU

Revelation 20:4 | souls | souls | souls | souls

All these words that are translated from one word, psukee, in the four translations (life, lives, yourself, yourselves, us, mind, minds, you, him, heart, heartily, everyone, persons, disciples, creatures, all, me, I, man, flesh, being, anyone, alive, human lives, body, and human beings), all have a reference to the human person, not to a no substance immaterial living something that is in a person.

Psukee is used about 105 times, and it is the only word that is translated soul in the New Testament (translated soul only 58 of the 105 times in the King James Version), and psukee is the same word in Greek as nehphesh is in Hebrew. Both can and do die.

(1). The same word (psukee) is translated “soul” that many believe cannot die about 58 times.

(2). The same word is translated “life,” an animal type of life in both people and animals that must die about 40 times.

How could the translators know when the same word was (1) something that could not die, (2) or when it is something that could not keep from dying? None of the many translations of the Bible agree on, (1) when psukee should be translated a soul that cannot die, (2) and when psukee should be translated life of a person or animal that cannot keep from dying.

"Lose his life (psukee)" Matthew 10:39.

"Shall save a soul (psukee) from death" James 5:20, King James Version. “Will save him (psukee) from death” James 5:20, New International Version. Salvation is from death for the person, not from Hell for a soul.

"To save life (psukee) or to destroy it" James 4:12.

In Old English, soul, like ghost and charity, may have been an acceptable translation then, but not today. Most of the times nehphesh and psukee are translated "soul," even those who believe a person is two beings in one have to admit it is referring only to the earthly person, earthly life, or earthly being; but today the English word "soul" has come to mean an unseen deathless something that is in a person, something that will live after the person it was in is dead. Therefore, when those who believe a soul is a deathless something in a person, they are misled when psukee is translated “soul.”

1. "For those who sought the Child's life (psukee–life, not soul)" Matthew 2:20.

2. "But rather fear Him who is ABLE TO DESTROY BOTH soul (psukee–life, not soul) and body" Matthew 10:28. This passage clearly says BOTH life (psukee) and body can be DESTROYED in the same place, BOTH body and life can be DESTROYED in Gehenna. When psukee is mistranslated soul, then the soul that we are told is deathless and cannot be destroyed is destroyed in Gehenna. When Gehenna is mistranslated “Hell” it makes the earthly body be taken to Hell and destroyed in Hell. When psukee is translated “soul” as it is in the King James Version, it makes a soul that we are told is deathless be destroyed just the earthly body and in the same place that the earthly body is destroyed; the Bible says that place is Gehenna, the translated changed the place to Hell. The same word (psukee) that is translated “soul” in verse 28 that the translators believed could not die, is twice changed (translated) to “life” in verse 39 changed to something that the translators believed that could not keep from dying.

(3). "And he who has lost his life (psukee–life, not soul) for My sake shall find it" Matthew 10:39, also Matthew 16:25, Mark 8:35. “Lost his soul for My sake" in King James Version. In today’s theology the only way to lose your soul is by sinning; does the King James translation not make Christ be saying that if we sin and lose our soul for Him we will save our soul? This translation is both false and unacceptable.

(4). "And to give His life (psukee–life, not soul) a ransom for many” Matthew 20:28.

(5). "To save a life (psukee–life, not soul), or destroy it" Luke 6:9.

(6). "And I lay down my life (psukee–life, not soul) for the sheep" John 10:15.

"Men who have risked their lives (psukee–life, not soul) for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ" Acts 15:26.

(7). "And they are seeking my life (psukee–life, not soul” Romans 11:3.

(8). "Will save his soul (psukee–life, not soul) from death" James 5:20.

Which one is psukee, a mortal being that will die, or an immortal being that cannot die? If there were a soul that could not die, it is strange that both the Old and New Testament repeatedly speak of the death of this deathless soul that cannot die.

Psukee is translated "soul" and "life" interchangeably, and sometimes in the same verse; Matthew 16:25-26 where the same word (psukee) is inconsistently translated two times "soul," and two times "life" in the same passage in the King James Version; but corrected in the American Standard Version and most other versions where all four times the same word is translated "life. "In exchange for his life." The parallel passage in Luke 9:25 says,

"And lose or forfeit his own self" American Standard Version.

"Yet lose...his very self" New International Version.

"Lose...themselves" New Revised Standard Version.

Human language could not be any clearer that Christ is speaking of the whole person, and not some internal unseen something that is in a person. If the immortal soul doctrine were true, a person could not lose a soul that can never die when the person dies; if a soul will live on then it is a soul that will lose the person it is in, it is a person that is lost by death, not a soul that is lost. This passage is about losing our physical life and not having the life that we now have, not about having life after the resurrection. It is not about losing a soul with the meaning that soul has today, an immortal something in you; a meaning psukee did not have when the New Testament was written.

In the King James Version in the same sentence the same word (psukee) is translated into two words that have completely different meaning (Matthew 16:25-26).

(1). Life (psukee) the physical life of a person that will die.

(2). Soul (psukee) the Platonic beliefs of the translators that an immortal soul cannot die.

Also in Luke 12:19-23 the same word (psukee) in the same passage is translated both

(1). Psukee is translated three times something that is immortal and cannot die.

(2). Psukee is translated two times something that is mortal and cannot keep from dying.

How could the translators of the King James Version know the same word in the same sentence has two completely different and opposite meaning? It was nothing more than a determination at any cost to put their Platonic theology into the Bible where it was not, even to put it into the mouth of Christ. In Mark 3:4 Jesus asked the Pharisees, “Is it lawful…to save a psukee, or to kill?” The psukee is (1) something that can be saved from death, (2) and it is something that can be killed, not an immortal something that is deathless and cannot be killed; they did not dare translate psukee soul in this passage.

HENRY CONSTABLE, A.M., “There are instances in which this is done of so flagrant a character that we venture to say that no scholar will now stand up and defend them…To ‘save a soul’ is, with them to turn from sin to God and avoid the punishment of hell…their own theory forbids them to translate it by ‘life’ in verse 26 of Matthew 16 (as they had in verse 25) for so translated, their theory would be contradicted.” Page 46-47, “Hades or The Intermediate State of Man,” 1873, public domain.

The immortality doctrine makes the Bible contradict itself, for the Bible says repeatedly that both the nehphesh (Old Testament), and psukee (New Testament) both can and does die, and never says a person has a deathless, immortal something in them that is called "soul." Christ "laid down His LIFE (psukee–life, not a soul) for us, and we ought to lay down our LIFE (psukee–life, not a soul) for the brethren" 1 John 3:16. "To give His (psukee–life, not a soul) a ransom for many" Matthew 20:28; if a psukee cannot die, Christ could not have "laid down His SOUL” (psukee) or "give His SOUL" (psukee), and we could not "lay down our SOULS" (psukee).

(1). If the psukee were something that cannot die, Christ did not die. He could not have been raised from the dead for He could have never been dead.

(2). If the psukee were something that cannot die, God would be telling us to do that which we cannot do, "lay down our soul–psukee for the brethren." There would be no possible way to “lay down our immortal, deathless soul for the brethren.” To put a soul, an immaterial, immortal; therefore deathless, something in a person in this passage makes it total nonsense.

1. James 5:20 "Shall save a SOUL (psukee–life, not a soul) FROM DEATH" King James Version. If a person has a "SOUL” that cannot die, how can it be saved from death?

2. James 5:20 "Will save HIM (psukee–life, not a soul) FROM DEATH” New International Version.

PSUKEE, A MORTAL BEING,

OR AN IMMORTAL BEING?

Psukee is translated life, strength, he, heart, heartily, you, mind, and us. These all have a reference to this life, to a mortal being, to a person, and not to a immortal soul that has no substance. How could the same word mean both (1) a mortal being that cannot keep from dying, (2) and an immortal being that cannot die?

Psukee (life) is the natural life from Adam. "The first man Adam become a living soul (psukee–living being), the last Adam became a life-giving spirit" (1 Corinthians 15:45). All living being have psukee life, it is the physical life common to all living creatures; it is never said to be eternal. All living creatures (animals, fish, man) by natural birth have psukee (life) from birth to death. It is never coupled with the adjective eternal or everlasting. Even in the King James Version psukee is the only word that is translated soul in the New Testament, but the translates were able to translate it soul only about one-half of the times it is used. Psukee is applied to the life of animals two times in the New Testament.

(1). “And there died the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, even they that had life (psukee)” (Revelation 8:9).

(2). “And the second poured out his bowl into the sea; and it became blood as of a dead man; and every living soul (psukee) died, even the things that were in the sea” (Revelation 16:3).

In one passage psukee is translated life, in the other psukee is translated soul; if psukee did mean a soul, than in both passages a soul does die. But many churches tell us, “No, to die is not to die, to die is to have eternal life being tormented by God.”

PASSAGES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

THAT HAS "PSUKEE" IN THEN

The many words the translators used to translate "psukee" are both nouns and pronouns, it refer to (1) God (2) to a person (3) or to an animal; not to an immortal no substance something in God, not one time to an immortal no substance something in a person, not one time to an immortal no substance something in an animal. The person or animal is sometimes dying, and is sometimes dead. This one word, which is a common noun, but it is translated into many nouns, it is changed into a proper noun, and often is changed to a pronoun, then translated by many pronouns just as "nehphesh" is in the Old Testament. The different translations do not agree on when it should be changed from a common to a proper noun, or do not agree on when the noun that God used they have the right to change to a pronoun.

(1) IN FIFTY-ONE OF THE ONE HUNDRED SIX TIMES

IN WHICH PSUKEE (soul) IS TRANSLATED LIFE

AND (like the “Nehphesh” of the Old Testament)

IT CAN DIE, BE KILLED, PERISH, OR BE DESTROYED

(1). Matthew 2:20, "Arise and take the young child and his mother, and go into the land of Israel, for they are dead that sought the young child’s LIFE (psukee–life, not sought a deathless soul)." There is no doubt that they wanted to kill the child's mortal body, not an immortal something in him. There is no deathless immortal "soul" that cannot be “killed” in this passage. See notes on this in chapter four. “The young child to destroy (apollumi) him” (Matthew 2:12); is there anyone that doubts that Herod was going to kill (apollumi) the child, not torment the child or a deathless soul?

(2-3). Matthew 6:25, "Therefore, I say unto you, be not anxious for your LIFE (psukee–life), what you shall eat, or what you shall drink; nor yet for your body, what you shall put on. Is not the LIFE (psukee–life) more than the food, and the body than the raiment?" It is the earthly person (psukee) that is in the image of Adam that eats and drinks, it is not an immortal soul that is in a person that is in the image of Adam.

1. “Be not anxious for your LIFE (psukee–life), what you shall eat.” It is the body that eats, not an immaterial soul.

2. “Is not the LIFE (psukee–life) more than the food, and the body than the raiment?" It is the body that puts on clothing, not an immaterial soul.

It is our lives that need food, our bodies that need cloths to be warm; an immortal soul could not use either one.

(4-5). Matthew 10:28, "And be not afraid of them that kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul (psukee–life), but rather fear him who is able to destroy (apollumi) both soul (psukee–life) and body in hell-Gehenna.” Psuhee is translated soul two times (Matthew 10:28) and life two times (Matthew 10:39) in this discourse of Christ to the twelve (Matthew 19:5-42); what was the reason for translating the same word into two words that are nothing alike?

If psukee were an immortal soul, then God can destroy this immortal soul; there is no stronger way in which to say God can and will destroy it. He is to be feared by those of the world because He will; there would be no reason to fear Him if He could not, or if He will not destroy life-psukee. I find it strange that one of the most used passages, as it is translated in the King James Version, is used to prove a soul cannot be destroyed says a soul (psukee–life) can be destroy in the valley of Gehenna that is on this earth. See Matthew 10:28, Luke 12:5, See “God is able to destroy (Apollumi) both psukee–life and body in Gehenna” in chapter four, and "Proves more than they want" also in chapter four. (1) If there was a “soul” that is deathless then not even God could destroy this immortal thing that could never die, for if God did destroy this living being that is in a person that cannot be destroyed, then it would not be immortal and it could die. (2) When Gehenna is changed to Hell, is there anyone that believes that God is literally going the take earthly bodies from earth to Hell and destroy them? But we are told, “No, only the soul will be tormented in Hell, not the body.” Whatever anyone believes a soul to be, I do not believe they believe (1) a deathless “soul” is cast into Gehenna the trash dump, (2) or that a “body” is destroyed in Hell. Only after the words of Christ are changed from a psukee being cast into Gehenna to a soul being cast into Hell can this passage be used to teach the doctrine of God tormenting this something, whatever it is that a soul is believed to be in Hell even despite the fact that Hell is an English word, and there was no such word as Hell in the Greek at the time of Christ. Then, “Who is able to destroy BOTH psukee and body in Gehenna,” must also be changed to only the body can be destroyed in Gehenna, but, according to the belief of many, psukee (translated both life and soul in King James Version) cannot ever be destroyed anyplace, cannot be destroyed in Gehenna or Hell, not even by God; therefore, both body and psukee are tormented in “Hell;” (Gehenna) both go to the same place. Theology cannot separate them and destroy one in one place, and have God torment the other in another place just because today’s theology says a soul cannot be destroyed.

If, as many affirm, that there is a soul that is indestructible, where is even one scripture that teaches there is an indestructible or deathless soul; that there is a soul that will be alive in Heaven, or alive any place before the Resurrection? Is not this saying God is not able to reduce something He created back to it original state of non-existences, or that God was able to create a soul, but God is not able to destroy a soul, not able to uncrate that which He created; if He had created a soul and is now unable to destroy it, then He is not omnipotent, not all powerful.

1. Christ is telling the apostles, “Fear him who is able to destroy both your life (psukee) and your body in Gehenna.”

2. Man says Christ was telling the apostles, “Fear Him that can torment your soul and your body in Hell but cannot destroy them.”

(6-7-8-9). Matthew 10:39, "For whosoever would save HIS LIFE (psukee) shall lose it, and whosoever shall lose HIS LIFE (psukee) for my sake shall find it. For what shall A MAN be profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and forfeit HIS LIFE (psukee)? Or what shall A MAN give in exchange for HIS LIFE (psukee)?" The King James Version has the same word (psukee) translated "life" two times, and "soul" two times. What made the translators think Christ used the same word in the same sentence with two completed different meaning? In today's English, the meaning of "soul" and "life" are not even close to being the same, yet they were translated from the same Greek word in the same sentence.

Matthew 10:39, Lose his life (Greek–psukee) must be changed to a deathless soul losing its reward, not losing its life, changed to mean an everlasting life of torment for a soul that can never lose it life, can never be lost, can never end, can never be destroyed (Matthew 10:39). The earthly life that is saved from death by a denial of Christ is the same life that is lost by martyrdom of those that confess Christ; it is this earthly life that both the lost and saved have in common.

“Lose” in Matthew 10:39 and Luke 9:24 is translated from “apollumi.”

1. “He who has found his life shall lose (apollumi) it” (Matthew 19:39)

2. “Able to save and to destroy (apollumi)” (James 1:11)

3. “How they might destroy (apollumi) him” (Matthew 12:14)

4. “People sought to destroy (apollumi) him” (Luke 19:47)

5. “Come and destroy (apollumi) these husbandmen” (Luke 20:16)

6. “Destroy (apollumi) not him with your meat” (Romans 14:15)

7. “I will destroy (apollumi) the wisdom of the wise” (1 Corinthians 1:19)

8. “And were destroyed (apollumi) of serpents” (1 Corinthians 10:9)

9. If there is no resurrection, “Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have perished (apollumi)” (1 Corinthians 15:18). “Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ have are destroyed (apollumi)” American Standard Version

THE SAME THING THAT HAPPENS TO A SOUL ALSO HAPPENS TO THE BODY, BOTH ARE DESTROYED. Will the body of a person suffer eternal life in endless misery? Is it not unreasonable to say destroying a soul means eternal life in endless misery beings tormented by God, but destroying the body means death of the person a soul was in?

WHAT DOSE THIS PASSAGE IN MATTHEW 10:39 SAY?

1. "He who finds his life–shall lose it."

2. "He who loses his life–shall find it." Both times life is translated from psukee, the same Greek word that is translated “soul” in Matthew 10:28.

The person who saves his life by denying Christ will lose life at the judgment. The person that loses his life because he is a Christian and will not deny Christ will find life at the judgment. There is no way Christ could have said it any clearer or plainer. It is the "LIFE" of a person that is being spoken of, not some deathless something in a person that has life and cannot lose it. There is not a word said about eternal life with torment for a deathless soul in this passage. "He who finds his life (psukee–not find his soul) shall lose it," (not lose a soul). The person who saves his life (psukee) by denying Christ will lose his life (psukee) at the judgment. He who finds his life is one who puts this life ahead of Christ, but he will "lose it" lose life at the judgment, not have an everlasting life with torment.

1. "The wages of sin is death" (Romans 6:23)

2. "A certain fearful expectation of judgment, and a fierceness of fire which shall devour the adversaries" (Hebrews 10:27)

3. "The day of judgment and destruction of ungodly men" (2 Peter 3:7)

4. "And forfeit his life" (psukee) (Mark 8:36)

5. "And lose himself" (Luke 9:25), Lose his life, (Matthew 10:28)

Luke used the pronoun "himself" in the place of "psukee–life” where Matthew and Luke are making (1) “LIFE” (psukee) in Matthew and (2) “HIMSELF” in Luke both be the same thing. It is the “life” of the person or “himself” that will be lost or saved, not an invisible soul that has no substance that is in person, not just something inside of a person that no one can tell us what it really is. The teaching today is that this no substance soul that is in a person cannot be lost, but will just change its address to Heaven or Hell when death makes the person it is now in to no longer exist. An immortal soul had to be put in the Bible, but to do so, the translators had to throw away the whole person we now are to make only an immaterial, invisible something they believed to be in a person be immortal, and only this "invisible part of man" will have eternal life in Heaven.

Those who do not obey Christ shall lose the very thing that is saved by those who do obey Him–life; the lost shall die and the saved shall live. "But the righteous shall go into eternal life" (Matthew 25:46), it is LIFE that is lost or found. Many are saying, "Not so Lord, these souls 'shall not lose life,' for the immaterial, invisible soul shall have eternal life in Hell"; if this is not what they say, than what are they saying? It is life that is being spoken of as being saved or lost, nothing more, not an immortal soul that can never lose its life being saved from eternal torment by God. There is not a word said about Hell, torment, or an immortal, immaterial, invisible soul; it takes much twisting to make “lose life” mean a soul will have endless life being tormented by God.

"He who loses his life (psukee) shall find it." How could Christ have said it any clearer that the person that loses his life (psukee), his earthly life because he is a Christian and will not deny Christ that person will find life at the judgment? If "lose his life"(psukee) is to lose his life (psukee) for being a Christian, them "lose his life (psukee)" cannot be to have an everlasting life with torment that cannot be lost. The same thing that is saved is the same thing that will be lost.

1. The person who saves his life by denying Christ.

2. Will lose the same thing, his life at the judgment. It is not a soul that will be lost at the judgment, but it is the life of a person that will be lost after the resurrection and judgment.

3. John 12:25 say the same "He that loves his life (psukee–not he that loves his soul) shall lose it; and he that hates his life (psukee–not he that hates his soul) in this world, shall keep it unto life eternal.” In this passage it is “lose” life or “keep” life. Losing life is the opposite of keeping life, losing life is to not have life; death is not another kind of life.

When save and lose in Matthew 10:39 are applied to an immaterial soul that cannot die as it is used in today's theology it makes nonsense.

1. To save ones soul means to save that soul from Hell, according to today's theology.

2. To lose ones soul means for that soul to go to Hell forever, according to today's theology. When "shall lose it" is made mean going to Hell then "lose his life (psukee)" for Christ mean gong to Hell for Christ.

3. “He that finds his soul (psukee–saves his soul from Hell according to today’s theology) shall lose it (shall lose his soul in Hell–losing one's soul in today's theology is to go to Hell) and he that loses his soul for my sake (he that goes to Hell for my sake) shall find it (shall save his soul from Hell)." Today's theology makes utter nonsense of the Bible.

Finding life and losing life are not an everlasting life of torment separated from God. (1) "He that finds his life shall lose it" by some kind of magic charm losing life has been turned into eternal life in Hell that can never be lost. "Shall lose it (his life)" is made to mean an eternal life of torment in Hell, not torment for the person that loses life, but torment for a soul that was in the person. How could anyone know this? (2) "He that loses his life for my sake shall find it." Losing the life of the body–being put to death for believing in Christ, also by some kind of magic has been turned into eternal life for an "immaterial, invisible something that is in a person" at the death of the person it was in even though we are repeatedly told this deathless something already had eternal life even when the person it was in was alive. To make psukee be an "immaterial invisible, immortal part of man" that cannot die makes it be nonsense. Nothing in the Bible is more plain than the loss of LIFE in this passage is the lost of our earthly LIFE because of being faithful to Christ, it is not speaking of eternal life with torment for a soul that had been in a sinner; finding LIFE is for a person is to find endless LIFE at the judgment, and it is just as plain that the person that saves his earthly LIFE (psukee) by denying Christ, that person will lose his resurrected LIFE at the judgment.

1. John 12:25, "He that loves his life (psukee) loses it; and he that hates his life (psukee) in this world shall keep it unto life eternal."

2. Matthew 16:25-26, "For whosoever would save his life (psukee) shall lose it, and whosoever shall lose his life (psukee) for my sake shall find it. For what shall a man be profited, if he shall gain the whole world (become very rich in this life), and forfeit his life (psukee)? Or what shall a man give in exchange for his life (psukee)?" (American Standard Version).

3. Mark 8:35-36, "For whosoever would save his life (psukee) shall lose it; and whosoever shall lose his life (psukee) for my sake and the gospel's shall save it. For what do it profit a man, to gain the whole world, and forfeit his life (psukee)? For what should a man give in exchange for his life (psukee)?"

4. Luke 9:24-25, "For whosoever would save his life (psukee) shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his life (psukee) for my sake, the same shall save it. For what is a man profited, if he gain the whole world, and lost of forfeit his own self?"

5. Matthew 19:39, “He that finds his life (psukee) shall lose it; and he that loses his life (psukee) for my sake shall find it.”

6. Luke 17:33,"Whosoever shall seek to gain his life (psukee) shall lose it, but whosoever shall lose his life (psukee) shall preserve it."

(10-11-12-13). Mark 8:35-37, "For whosoever would save HIS LIFE (psukee–not save or lose a soul that is in him or her) shall lose it; and whosoever shall lose his LIFE (psukee) for my sake and the gospel's shall save it. For what does it profit a man, to gain the whole world, and forfeit his LIFE (psukee)? For what should a man give in exchange for his LIFE (psukee)”? It is the life that is prolonged for a little while by denying Christ that will be lost, but the life that is loss by being faithful to Christ will be saved at the judgment. In the King James Version the same word is inconsistently translated "soul" two times, and "life" two times, but corrected in the American Standard Version and most others where all four times the same word (psukee) is translated "life." "In exchange for his life," not “in exchange for his soul.” If there were a deathless soul a person could not exchange (trade) it for anything.

(14-15). Luke 9:24-25, "For whosoever would save his LIFE (psukee) shall lose it; but whosoever shall lose his LIFE (psukee) for my sake, the same shall save it. For what is a man profited, if he gains the whole world, and lose or forfeit his own self? "Psukee is translated "soul" and "life" interchangeably in the Bible, and sometimes in the same verse.

1. "And lose or forfeit his own self" American Standard Version.

2. "Yet lose...his very self" New International Version.

3. "Lose...themselves?" New Revised Standard Version.

Christ is speaking of the life of a person, and not of some unseen deathless something that is in a person that cannot lose life. Luke avoids using the word psukee in Luke 12:4-5. Why? His Gentile readers might have understood the word the way it was used by the Greeks of that time; therefore, he used a word that means the whole person, and could not have been understood to be the Greek soul that many of the Greeks of that time believed would be reincarnated.

(16). Matthew 20:28, "Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his LIFE (psukee–not a deathless soul) a ransom for many." Mark 10:45, "For the Son of man also came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his LIFE (psukee) a ransom for many."

(17). Mark 3:4, "And he said unto them, is it lawful on the Sabbath day to do good, or to do harm? To save a LIFE (psukee), or to kill? But they held their peace. "Who can kill a soul that cannot be killed?

(18). Luke 6:9 "And Jesus said unto them, I ask you, Is it lawful on the Sabbath to do good, or to do harm? To save a LIFE (psukee), or to destroy it?" "Kill" and "destroy" are used interchangeably. The translators would not translate psukee into "soul" in this passage for it would then say a soul could be killed.

(19). Luke 9:56, "For the Son of man is not come to destroy men's LIVES (psukee), but to save them" King James Version. This is not in the American Standard Version, and not in most others translations for it is not in many of the Greek Manuscripts, but there is nothing about an immortal soul being in a person in it.

(20-21-22-23), Luke 12:19-23 "And I will say to my soul (psukee), soul (psukee), you have much goods laid up for many years; take your ease, eat, drink, be merry. But God said unto him, You foolish one, this night is your soul (psukee) required of you; and the things which you have prepared, whose shall they be? So is he that lays up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God. And he said unto his disciples, therefore, I say unto you, be not anxious for your LIFE (psukee), what you shall eat; nor yet for your body, what you shall put on. For the LIFE” (psukee) is more than the food, and the body than the raiment." In this passage they found it necessary to translate psukee into both soul and life, for a soul cannot eat or use a raiment. "You fool! This very night your LIFE (psukee) is being demanded of you" New Revised Standard Version. His life (psukee) was demanded; he would lose his life, he would die. "So it is with those who store up treasures for themselves but are not rich toward God." It will be their life (psukee) that will be demanded of them at the judgment. Nothing is said about an immortal soul that will be forever tormented. In this passage psukee does the things that only this earthly body can do, things that an immortal no substance soul could not do. "And I will say to my soul (psukee), soul (psukee), you have much goods laid up for many years; take your ease, eat, drink” (Luke 12:19). An immortal no substance soul could not use the much earthly goods laid up for many years, could not “eat, drink.” Can anyone not see how foolish this passage would be if it were speaking of an immortal soul that has no body and no substance, but that no substance soul was using the earthly goods it has laid up? Can a soul that has no earthly body eat, drink, or use any earthly goods?

1. "And I'll say to myself (psukee), 'You (psukee) have plenty of good things laid up for many years'" New International Version.

2. "I will say to myself (psukee), 'You (psukee) have plenty of good things laid by'" The Revised English Bible.

3. Then I can say to myself (psukee), 'I (psukee) have enough good things stored'" New Century Version.

(24). Luke 14:26, "If any man comes unto me, and hate not his own father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own LIFE (psukee) also, he cannot be my disciple." If this was speaking of a soul it would be saying if you do not hate an immortal soul that is in you, you cannot be His disciple. Hate is used in the sense of thinking less of. If you do not think less of your life than you think of Christ you cannot be His disciple. Christ must be first over all things and all persons.

(25-26). Luke 17:33, "Whosoever shall seek to gain his LIFE (psukee–not a soul) shall lose it, but whosoever shall lose his LIFE (psukee) shall preserve it."

(27-28-29). John 10:11-17, "I am the good shepherd, the good shepherd lays down his LIFE (psukee) for the sheep. He that is a hireling, and not a shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, beholds the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep, and flees, and the wolf snatches them, and scatters (them), because he is a hireling, and cares not for the sheep. I am the good shepherd; and I know mine own, and mine own know me, even as the Father knows me, and I know the Father; and I lay down my LIFE (psukee–not lay down a soul) for the sheep. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold, them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice, and they shall become one flock, one shepherd. Therefore, the Father loves me, because I lay down my LIFE (psukee), that I may take it again." An immortal soul, as taught today, cannot die; therefore, the translators could not say Christ gave up His immortal soul; He gives His life, not an immortal soul.

1. Jesus gives His LIFE (psukee) “for the sheep” John 10:11-17.

2. Jesus gives His LIFE (psukee) as “a ransom for many” Matthew 20:28.

3. Jesus “lay down his LIFE (psukee) for his friends" John 15:13. It was not a deathless soul that died for us; Jesus gave His LIFE for us, not an immortal soul that could not die; it is by His blood shed in His death that we are saved (Hebrews 9:22).

(30-31). John 12:25, "He that loves his LIFE (psukee) shall lose it; and he that hates his LIFE (psukee) in this world shall keep it unto life eternal.” The person who puts this life first shall lose his life, but who ever put God first shall live after the judgment. Those who do not put God first will lose their psukee (life). If psukee is an immortal soul that can never die, it could not be lost.

(32). John 15:13, "Greater love has no man than this, that a man lay down his LIFE (psukee) for his friends." Not even those who believe there is an immortal soul in a person believe Christ lay down a immoral soul, they do not believe an immoral soul can be dead. He did lay down His life for us.

(33-34). John 13:37-38, "Peter said unto him, Lord, why cannot I follow you even now? I will lay down my LIFE (psukee) for you. Jesus answered, will you lay down your LIFE (psukee) for me? Verily, verily, I say unto you, the cock shall not crow, till you have denied me thrice." "Lay down" means "to give up," "to die." It was Peter that said he would give up his life (psukee), that he would die for Christ, he did not say he would give up an immortal deathless soul that was in him.

(35). Acts 3:23, "And it shall be, that every soul (psukee–person) that shall not hearken to that prophet, shall be utterly destroyed from among the people." An immortal soul utterly destroyed! How could God say any stronger that whatever the psukee is (life–soul–person) it can and will be “UTTERLY DESTROYED”? If destroyed did mean torment then it would be saying, “Every soul (psukee–person) would be utterly tormented from among the people.”

1. "And it will be that everyone (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

2. "Anyone (psukee) who does not listen to him" New International Version.

3. "Anyone (psukee) who refuses to listen to that prophet" Revised English Bible.

(36). Acts 15:24, "Forasmuch as we have heard that certain who went out from us have troubled you with words, subverting your souls (life–psukee)."

1. "Your minds (lives–psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

2. Troubling your minds (lives–psukee)" New International Version.

3. "Unsettled your minds (lives–psukee)" The Revised English Bible.

(37). Acts 15:26, "Men that have hazarded their LIVES (psukee) for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ." It there were an immortal something in a person that could not die, whatever that something is, it could not be hazarded. How could they “hazard their souls” if to be “absent from the body” means their souls would be “present with the Lord” at the moment of death of the persons that deathless souls had been in?

(38). Acts 20:9-10, "And there sat in the window a certain young man named Eutychus, borne down with deep sleep; and as Paul discoursed yet longer, being borne down by his sleep he fell down from the third story, and was taken up DEAD. And Paul went down, and fell on him, and embracing him said, Make you no ado; for his LIFE (psukee) is in him." He was dead, but Paul restored his earthly life that was dead from the fall, not restored life to an immortal soul that the fall could not have killed.

(39). Acts 20:24, "But I hold not my LIFE (psukee) of any account as dear unto myself." The translators would not say he held his immortal soul to be of no account. To use soul in this passage would not teach what they believed; therefore, they did not use it.

(40). Acts 27:10, "And said unto them, Sirs, I perceive that the voyage will be with injury and much loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our LIVES (psukee)." No one will lose an immortal soul in a shipwreck. It can be seen how the translators picked when they wanted psukee to be a soul, and when they had no choice but to translate it life.

(41). Acts 27:22, "And now I exhort you to be of good cheer; for there shall be no loss of LIFE (psukee) among you, but only of the ship." This could not be translated souls for then souls would have been lost just as the ship was lost by a storm, and we are told by those who believe we have an immortal soul that souls are lost by sin, and they do not believe souls can be lost by a storm. Both their life and the ship could have been lost in this storm, but not an immortal soul if there were one.

1. “But also of our lives” (Greek–psukee) Acts 27:10).

2. “There shall be no lost of life” (Greek–psukee) Acts 27:22).

3. “And we were in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls” (Greek–psukee) Acts 27:37). “Two hundred and seventy six persons (Greek–psukee)” New American Standard Bible and most others.

Why was the same word in the same sentence translated “life” and “soul” when nether the translators nor those that believe we now have an immoral soul do not believe “life” and “soul” to be the same?

(42). Romans 16:4, "Who for my LIFE (psukee) laid down their own necks."

(43). Romans 11:3, "Lord, they have killed your prophets, they have dug down your altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my LIFE (psukee).” They were seeking his earthly life to kill him, just as they had killed the prophets, they were not seeking something that did not have any substance, not something that they could not see or kill.

(44). Philippians 2:30, "Because for the work of Christ he came nigh unto death, hazarding his LIFE (psukee) to supply that which was lacking in your service toward me." Did he hazard his immortal soul; and his soul, which cannot die came nigh unto death even if it could not die?

(45). 1 Thessalonians 2:8, "We were well pleased to impart unto you, not the gospel of God only, but also our own souls (psukee–life)." They were pleased to impart the gospel to them even at the cost of their own lives, not impart the gospel to them even at the cost of souls that could not die.

1. “But also our own souls (psukee)” King James Version.

2. “But also our own selves (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

3. "But our lives (psukee) as well" New International Version.

4. "Our very lives (psukee)" The New American Bible.

5. "Our very selves (psukee)" The Revised English Bible.

6. "Our own lives (psukee)" New Century Version.

(46). 1 Peter 2:11, "Beloved, I beseech you as sojourners and pilgrims, to abstain from fleshly lust, which war against the soul (psukee–life)."

(47). Hebrews 10:39, "But we are not of them that shrink back unto perdition; but of them that have faith unto the saving of the soul (psukee–your life)."

1. “We have the faith to preserve our life (psukee)" The Revised English Bible.

2. "But of those who believe and are saved (psukee)" New International Version.

3. "But among those who have faith and so are saved (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

(48). James 5:19-20, "My brethren, if any among you err from the truth, and one converts him; let him know, that he who converts a sinner from the error of his way shall save a soul (psukee–life) from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins." If the sinner is not converted, his life (psukee), not a soul, will not be saved from death. Many read "Hell" ("shall save a soul from Hell") in the place of "death." The only way to get "save a soul from Hell" into the Bible is by changing the Bible.

"Will save him (psukee) from death" New International Version. The whole person will be saved from death, not an immortal living something that is in person that could not be dead, but it will be saved from death even if it could not be dead.

(49-50). 1 John 3:16, "Hereby know we love, because he laid down his LIFE (psukee) for us, and we should lay down our LIVES (psukee) for the brethren." Can we lay down an immortal soul for the brethren? Christ lay down His life for us, and we should be willing to lay down our life for our brethren. If this were a deathless something that is in a person, we would be being told to do something that it would not be possible for us to do.

(51). Revelation 6:9, "Souls (psukee–lives)...slain."

(52). Revelation 8:9, "And there died the third part...that had LIFE” (psukee).

(53). Revelation 12:11, "Loved not their LIFE (psukee) even unto death."

(54). Revelation 16:3, "Every living soul (psukee–living being) died” (In the sea, all fish died). Can anyone tell me why the translators, who believed a soul could not die and do not believe fish have a soul, but they put "ever living soul died" in this passage?

"And every living thing (psukee) in the sea died" New American Standard Bible.

(55). Revelation 20:4, "The souls (psukee–lives) of them that had been beheaded."

(2) PASSAGES WITH PSUKEE USED

REFERRING TO PARTS OF THE HUMAN BODY.

PASSAGES THAT SPIRIT (pnuma) IS THE HUMAN MIND.

(1). Acts 14:2 "And made their minds (psukee) evil affected" King James Version. The Gentiles were turned against the brothers in this life, not against immortal souls that were in the brothers.

"And poisoned their minds (psukee) against the brothers" New International

Version.

(2). "But my mind (pnuma) could not rest because I did not find my brother Titus there" (2 Corinthians 2:13) New Revised Standard Version.

(3). Hebrews 12:3, "Lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds (psukee–life)" King James Version.

(4). 2 Corinthians 7:13,"Because his spirit (pnuma) has been refreshed by you all," King James Version.

1. "Because his mind (pnuma) has been set at rest by all of you" New Revised Standard Version.

2. "You have all helped to set his mind (pnuma) completely at rest” Revised English Bible.

(5). Ephesians 4:23, "And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind (pnuma)” Even in the theology of today, if the spirit is an immortal something, what is “the spirit of you mind” in which they were to be renewed?

"To be made new in the attitude of your mind (pnuma)" New International Version.

(6 - 7). Matthew 22:37, "And he said unto him, you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul (psukee–life), and with all your mind." Mark 12:30 "And you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul (psukee–life), and with all your mind, and with all your strength."

(8). Matthew 5:3, "Blessed are the poor in spirit (pnuma)" Poor in a no substance immortal spirit?

(9 -10). Mark 12:33, "And to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding (psukee) (soul in King James Version), and with all the strength and to love his neighbor as himself, is more than all whole burnt-offerings and sacrifices." Luke 10:27 “And he answering said, You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul (psukee–life), and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as thyself."

In the parallel passages in Mark and Luke, the same word (psukee) is translated "understanding" in one and "soul" in the other. It is a living person that is to love God and his or her neighbor, not a soul that is to love its neighbor.

(11). 2 Corinthians 12:15, "Will most gladly spend and be spent for you (psukee)" King James Version.

(12). Colossians 2:5, "For though absent in body, I am present in spirit (pnuma)" Was there an immortal spirit in one place, and his body was in another while he was alive? If so, then the immortal spirit can leave the body when it wants to, and the body can live without the spirit, but James tells us that the body without the spirit (pnuma – breath) is dead (James 2:26). Was Paul’s body dead for a time while an immortal spirit was gone to be at Colossae? No, he was saying he was with them in his thoughts and heart, not that an immortal spirit had left his body, and it went to Colossae without his body, and returned to his body and raised the dead body.

(13). Colossians 3:23, "Whatsoever you do, work heartily (psukee), as unto the Lord." Whatsoever you do, work soul, as unto the Lord?

(14). 2 Corinthians 12:18, "Walked we not in the same spirit (pnuma)? Walked we not in the same steps?" Did they all share only one immortal soul or one immortal spirit?

(15). Philippians 1:27, "That you stand fast in one spirit (pnuma)." "With one MIND (psukee) striving together for the faith." Striving together with one immortal soul?

(16). Galatians 6:1, "Restore such a one in a spirit (pnuma) of gentleness."

(17). Ephesians 1:17, "May give unto you a spirit (pnuma) of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of him." If they already had an immortal soul, if another one were given to them would they have two?

(18). Ephesians 6:6, "Not in the way of eye service, as men pleasers; but as servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart (psukee)" "Doing the will of God from an immortal soul"?

(19). 1 Peter 3:4, "A meek and quiet spirit (pnuma)."

(3) PASSAGES WITH PSUKEE USED

REFERRING A NUMBER OF PEOPLE

In Old English, and even today souls is used to mean persons or life. A newspaper reporting a shipwreck in which fifty people drown would say, "Fifty souls were lost." The way psukee is translated people were called “souls” about thirty two times in the King James.

(1 - 2). Acts 2:41-43, "They then that received his word were baptized, and there were added (unto them) in that day about three thousand souls (psukee–persons). And they continued steadfastly in the apostles' teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread and the prayers. And fear came upon every soul (psukee–every person), and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles." How could the translators know souls that could not be seen have “fear”?

1. "About three thousand persons (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

2. "About three thousand people (psukee)" Today's English Version.

3. "About three thousand were added to their number" New International Version.

4. "Three thousand were added to the number of believers" Revised English Bible.

5. "About three thousand people (psukee) were added to the number of believers” New Century Version.

6. "Three thousand were added that day" New American Bible.

7. "About 3,000 in all" The Living Bible.

8. "About 3,000 people (psukee) were added" Simple English Bible.

9. "About three thousand people (psukee) were added" Good News For Modern Man.

Some translations leave psukee out, just as we would say, "Three thousand persons were saved," or "Three thousand were saved."

10. "And fear came upon every soul (person–psukee)" (Acts 2:43 King James Version). "Everyone" New American Standard Version - New Revised Standard Version - New International Version.

(3). Acts 7:14, "And Joseph sent, and called to him Jacob his father, and all his kindred, threescore and fifteen souls (psukee–persons)."

1. "And all his relatives to come to him, seventy-five in all" New Revised Standard Version.

2. ‘And his whole family, seventy-five in all" New International Version.

3. "Seventy-five persons (psukee) in all” New American Bible, - Revised English Bible.

(4 -5- 6). Acts 27:37, "And we were in all in the ship two hundred threescore and sixteen souls (psukee–persons)." Also Acts 27:10; 27:22.

1. "Two hundred seventy-six persons (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

2. "Two hundred and seventy-six of us (psukee)" Revised English Bible.

(7). 1 Peter 3:19-20, "In which also he went and preached unto the spirits in prison, that aforetime were disobedient, when the long suffering of God waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was a preparing, wherein few, that is, eight souls (psukee–persons), were saved through water." The King James Version, eight souls saved from drowning by the ark makes no sense at all; how could the ark save souls that could not drown? But they had to put the Dark Age Roman Catholic doctrine in the Bible. It was the life of animals and eight persons that was saved from death in the ark.

1. "Eight persons (psukee) were brought safely through the water” New American Standard Bible.

2. "Eight persons (psukee) were saved through water" New Revised Standard Version.

3. "In it only a few people (psukee), eight in all" New International Version.

4. "A few persons (psukee), eight in all" New American Bible.

(8). Matthew 6:25, “Take no thought for your soul (psukee–lives) what ye shall eat or what you shall drink.” It is persons that eat and drink, not immaterial souls.

1. “Do not be anxious for your life (psukee), as to what you shall eat” New American Standard Bible

2. “Do not worry about your life (psukee) what you will eat or what you will drink” New Revised Standard Version.

(9). Matthew 11:29, "You shall find rest unto your souls (psukee–lives)."

"You will find rest for your lives (psukee)" New Century Version.

(10). Luke 1:46, "And Mary said, my soul (psukee–life) does magnify the Lord."

(12). Luke 2:35, "Yea and a sword shall pierce through your own soul (psukee–heart–life)." Dose anyone believe a sword can pierce whatever it is that most believe a soul to be? See notes on (5). 1 Peter 3:19-20 above.

"And you (psukee) too will be pierced to the heart" Revised English Bible.

(13). Luke 21:19, "In your patience you shall win your souls (psukee–lives)."

1. "By standing firm you will save yourselves (psukee)" New International Version.

2. "By patient endurance you will save your lives (psukee)" New American Bible.

3. "By standing firm you will win yourselves life (psukee)" Revised English Bible.

(14). John 10:24, "The Jews therefore came round about him, and said unto him, how long do you hold us (psukee) in suspense?" This has a reference to suspense in this life, not to suspense after death; living persons before their death, not souls were being held in suspense.

(15). Acts 4:32, "And the multitude of them that believed were of one heart and soul (psukee–life)...they had all things common." They were all united, but were not all one immortal being, not one immortal soul with many bodies.

"All the believers were one in heart and mind (psukee)" New International Version.

(16). Acts 14:22, "Confirming the souls (psukee–lives) of the disciples, exhorting them to continue in the faith, and that through many tribulations we must enter into the kingdom of God."

(17). Romans 2:9, "Tribulation and anguish, upon every soul (psukee–person) of man that works evil."

1. "There will be anguish and distress for everyone" (psukee) New Revised Standard Version.

2. "There will be trouble and distress for every human being (psukee)" New International Version.

3. "Anguish will come upon every man (psukee)" New American Bible.

4. "For every human being (psukee)" Revised English Bible.

(18). Romans 13:1, "Let every soul (person–psukee) be in subjection to the higher powers." Let every immortal soul be subject to world governments!

1. "Let every person (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

2. "Let everyone (psukee)" New American Bible.

3. "Every person (psukee)" Revised English Bible.

(19). 1 Corinthians 15:45, "So also it is written, the first man Adam became a living soul (psukee–a living being). The last Adam (became) a life-giving spirit.”

1. "The first man, Adam, became a living being (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

2. "The first man Adam became a living being (psukee)" New International Version.

3. "Adam, became a living creature (psukee)" Revised English Bible.

(20). 2 Corinthians 1:23, "But I call God for a witness upon my soul (psukee–life), that to spare you I come no more unto Corinth."

"But I call on God as witness against me (psukee)" New Revised Standard Version.

(21). 1 Thessalonians 5:23, "And the God of peace himself sanctify you wholly; and may your spirit and soul (psukee–life) and body be preserved entire, without blame at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ."

(22). Hebrews 4:12 "For the word of God is living, and active, and sharper than any two-edged sword, and piercing even to the dividing of soul (psukee–life) and spirit (pnuma)."

(23). Hebrews 6:19, "Which we have as an anchor of the soul (life–psukee)."

"We have that hope as an anchor for our lives" (psukee)" Revised English Bible.

(24). Hebrews 13:17, "For they watch in behalf of your souls (lives–psukee).

"They keep watch over you (psukee)" New International Version.

(25). James 1:21, "Receive with meekness the implanted word, which is able to save your souls (psukee–life)."

1. "Which can save you (psukee)" New International Version.

2. "With its power to save you (psukee)" Revised English Bible.

(26). 1 Peter 1:9, "Receiving the end of your faith, (even) the salvation of (your) souls (psukee–life)."

"Your (psukee) salvation" New American Bible.

(27). 1 Peter 1:22, "Seeing you have purified your souls (lives–psukee) in your obedience to the truth."

1. "Now that you have purified yourselves (psukee)" New International Version.

2. "You have purified yourselves (psukee)" New American Bible.

(28). 1 Peter 2:25, "For you were going astray like sheep; but are now returned unto the Shepherd and Bishop of your souls (psukee–lives)."

(29). 1 Peter 4:19, "Wherefore let them also that suffer according to the will of God commit their souls (lives–psukee) in well-doing unto a faithful Creator."

1. "Trust themselves (psukee) to a faithful Creator" New Revised Standard Version.

2. "Entrust their lives (psukee) to a faithful Creator" New American Bible.

(30). 2 Peter 2:8, "For that righteous man dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed (his) righteous soul (psukee–life) from day to day with (their) lawless deeds."

"Felt himself (psukee) tormented by seeing and hearing about the lawless deeds.” New American Bible.

(31). 2 Peter 2:14, "Enticing un-steadfast souls (psukee–persons) having a heart exercised in covetousness; children of cursing."

"They seduce the unstable (psukee)" New International Version.

(32). 3 John 2, "Beloved, I pray that in all things you may prosper and be in health, even as your soul (psukee–life) prospers."

(4) PASSAGES WITH PSUKEE APPLIED TO GOD OR CHRIST

(1). Matthew 12:18, "Behold, my servant whom I have chosen; my beloved in whom my soul (I am well pleased–psukee, not God’s nothing but thoughts soul) is well pleased."

1. "My loved one in whom I (psukee) delight" New American Bible.

2. "My beloved, in whom I (psukee) take delight" Revised English Bible.

(2). Matthew 26:38, "Then said he unto them, My soul (psukee–heart, does God have an immortal something in Him?) is exceeding sorrowful, even unto death: abide you here, and watch with me." Mark 14:34, "And he said unto them, My soul (psukee–heart) is exceeding sorrowful even unto death: abide you here, and watch."

1. "Then he said to them, 'I (psukee) am deeply grieved, even to death'" Matthew 26:38 New Revised Standard Version.

2. "My heart (psukee) is nearly broken with sorrow" New American Bible.

3. "My heart (psukee) is ready to break with grief" Revised English Bible.

(3 - 4). Matthew 20:28, "Even as the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his LIFE (psukee) a ransom for many.” Mark 10:45, "For the Son of man also came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his LIFE (psukee) a ransom for many."

(5). John 10:11-17, "I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd lays down his LIFE (psukee) for the sheep. He that is a hireling, and not a shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, beholds the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep, and flees, and the wolf snatches them, and scatters (them): because he is a hireling, and cares not for the sheep. I am the good shepherd; and I know mine own, and mine own know me, even as the Father knows me, and I know the Father; and I lay down my LIFE (psukee) for the sheep. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold: them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice: and they shall become one flock, one shepherd. Therefore, the Father loves me, because I lay down my LIFE (psukee), that I may take it again." An immortal soul, as taught today, cannot die; therefore, the translators could not say Christ gave up His immortal soul. He gives His life, not an immortal soul. He died our death. He took on Himself the whole penalty for sin that is due the sinner, the penalty of death, He did not suffer an eternal life being tormented by God.

(6). John 12:27, "Now is my soul (psukee–now I am troubled) troubled; and what shall I say? Father, save me from this hour."

"Now my heart is troubled" New International Version.

(7). Acts 2:27, "Because you will not leave my soul (me–psukee) unto Hades, neither will you give your Holy One to see corruption."

1. "You will not abandon me (psukee) to the grave" New International Version.

2. "You will not abandon me (psukee) to death" Revised English Bible.

Both replaced “my soul” with “me” as a translation of psukee. It was Christ that was in the grave, not just a part of Him.

(8). Acts 2:31, "He foreseeing (this) spoke of the resurrection of the Christ, that neither was HE (psukee) left unto Hades, nor did his flesh see corruption."

“He (psukee) was not abandoned to Hades” (Acts 2:29) New Revised Standard Version.

(9). Hebrews 10:38, "But my righteous one shall live by faith: And if he shrink back, my soul (psukee) has no pleasure in him."

1. "And if he shrinks back, I (psukee) will not be pleased with him" New International Version.

2. "And if he draws back I (psukee) take no pleasure in him" New American Bible.

3. "But if anyone shrinks back, I (psukee) take no pleasure in him" Revised English Bible.

In these passages psukee, which is translate both life and soul from the same word, refers to God or Christ, not to an invisible something that is in Christ and God.

(5) PASSAGES WITH PSUKEE (soul)

USED IN SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE

For notes on these see chapter eight. Those who believe in the Pagan doctrine of an immortal soul from birth, and believe in Hell have no plain easily understood non-figurative statement. That figurative language, metaphors and symbolic passages must be made into literal statements SHOWS THE WEAKNESS OF THE BELIEF OF IMMORTALITY OF SOULS WITHOUT THE RESURECTION, that it is from man and not from God. Figurative language and parables are made to be superior over plain statements, and clear language must be made to agree with what is thought to be said; made to agree with what they want to find in the symbolic language.

(1). Revelation 6:9, "And when he opened the fifth seal, I saw underneath the altar the souls (psukee–lives) of them that had been slain for the word of God." See chapter eight–the fifth seal–souls under the altar in heaven–a symbolic picture.

(2). Revelation 8:9, "And there died the third part of the creatures which were in the sea, (even) they that had LIFE (psukee); and the third part of the ships were destroyed." A third of the immortal souls that cannot die, but they died anyway? Are immortal souls, as the word is used today in the sea? Do fish have an immortal soul?

(3). Revelation 12:11, "And they overcame him because of the blood of the Lamb, and because of the word of their testimony; and they loved not their LIFE (psukee) even unto death." If this symbolic passage were made literal, it would say a soul (psukee) does die.

(4). Revelation 16:3, "And the second poured out his bowl into the sea; and it became blood as of a dead man; and every living soul (psukee–living creature) died, (even) the things that were in the sea." If made literal, this symbolic passage says living souls are the things that are in the sea. Every "living creature" fish in the sea are "souls (psukee)" that died. When will all the fish in the sea literally die?

1. "And every living thing (psukee) in the sea died" New International Version.

2. "And every creature (psukee) living in the sea died" New American Bible.

3, "And every living thing (psukee) in it died" Revised English Bible.

What ever you may believe, “psukee” is the only word that is translated “soul” in the New Testament and it died; the “psukee” stopped living; Psukee is not an immortal, deathless being that cannot stop living; not an immortal being that is in a mortal being. The “psukee” is something that can die, it is not something that is immortal.

(5). Revelation 18:13-14, "And cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep; and (merchandise) of horses and chariots and slaves; and souls (psukee–lives) of men. And the fruits which your soul (psukee–life) lusted after are gone from thee." If there were an immaterial living being that is in a person, could whatever this “soul” is lust after material things, if it can, then will it still lust after things of the earth after the person it has been in is dead? Will immortals souls be slaves in Heaven or any other place? Could immaterial souls be bought and sold as is “cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep; and (merchandise) of horses and chariots and slaves”?

1. "Slaves, and human lives (psukee)" (18:13) Revised English Bible.

2. “The harvest you (psukee) longed for” (18:14) Revised English Bible.

(6). Revelation 20:4, "And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and (I saw) the souls (psukee–lives) of them that had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus, and for the word of God, and such as worshiped not the beast, neither his image, and received not the mark upon their forehead and upon their hand; and they lived ("came to life" New American Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version), and reigned with Christ a thousand years." "The rest of the dead lived not until" ("The rest of the dead did not come to life until” New American Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version) Revelation 20:5. Some immortal souls "came to life" and some "lived not." If a soul cannot die, it cannot come to life, and if it cannot die then all souls live and none can "lived not.” This passage is a real problem when taken literal.

Five of the six times psukee is used in Revelation, psukee is something that can and does die.

1. Revelation 6:9, "Souls (psukee–lives)...slain."

2. Revelation 8:9, "And there died the third part...that had life” (psukee).

3. Revelation 12:11, "Loved not their life (psukee) even unto death."

4. Revelation 16:3, "Every living soul (psukee–living being) died" (In the sea, all fish died). Can anyone tell me why the translators, who believed a soul could not die and do not believe fish have a soul, why they put "ever living soul died" in this passage?

5. Revelation 20:4, "The souls (psukee–lives) of them that had been beheaded."

A SOUL IS THE EARTHLY IMAGE OF ADAM

A "LIVING SOUL" IS THE "NATURAL BODY"

Psukikos - natural (earthly)

1. "The NATURAL (psukikos) man" (1 Corinthians 2:14).

2. It is buried "a NATURAL (psukikos) body," it is resurrected “a spiritual body” (1 Corinthians 15:44).

It is the earthly NATURAL body that is buried and it is the same body that is resurrected, but changed to a SPIRITUAL body, not a natural “soul” that is buried and resurrected a spiritual “soul.”

3. "If there is a NATURAL (psukikos) body, there is also a spiritual body” (1 Corinthians 15:44).

4. "That which is NATURAL (psukikos)" (1 Corinthians 15:46).

Neither a soul nor a spirit is the spiritual body that saved persons will have after the resurrection. The spiritual body is us changed, not an immaterial something in us changed to another immortal something after it is not in us. But those that believe either a soul or a spirit is now immortal do not believe a soul or a spirit will be changed to another immortal being, or changed in any way after they leave the person.

WE ARE NOW A LIVING SOUL IN THE IMAGE OF ADAM, 1 Cor. 15

(1) NATURAL BODY verses 44,46 | WE NOW HAVE

ADAM (2) A LIVING SOUL verse 45 | ADAM'S

(3) EARTHLY verse 47 | IMAGE verse 49

WE WILL HAVE A SPIRITUAL BODY THAT WILL BE IN THE IMAGE OF CHRIST, 1 Corinthians 15

(1) SPIRITUAL BODY verse 45 | WE WILL HAVE

CHRIST (2) LIFE GIVING SPIRIT verse 46 | CHRIST'S IMAGE

(3) HEAVENLY verse 48 | verse 49

"NATURAL" in verse 46 is used in place of "A LIVING SOUL" in verse 45, and both ARE THE SAME THING, both are a mortal person. We now have Adam's image (a living soul–a living being, a natural being of this earth), but we will have the image of Christ (a spiritual body).

"For our citizenship is in heaven; whence also we wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ: who shall fashion anew the body of our humiliation, that it may be conformed to the body of His glory" (Philippians 2:20-21 American Standard Version), "change" King James Version, “transform” in New American Standard Version.

(1). “The body of our humiliation” is the